Table 3 Results of a negative binomial regression of clinical and demographic risk factors for the number of ED presentations in a prospective cohort study in western Sydney, Australia (over 24 months)
Number of emergency department presentations | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Risk factor | Reference vs. comparison | Univariate rate ratio (95% CI) | Univariate p-value | Multivariate rate ratio (95% CI) | Multivariate p-value* |
Age | Per 10 years | 0.82 (0.73-0.91) | 0.0002 | 0.96 (0.86-1.07) | 0.475 |
Sex | Male vs. Female | 0.96 (0.74-1.25) | 0.781 | 1.31 (1.02-1.66) | 0.0329 |
Marital Status | Married vs. Divorced | 2.82 (1.98-4.02) | <0.0001 | 1.55 (1.12-2.16) | 0.0179 |
Married vs. Single/Widow | 1.04 (0.79-1.38) | 1.00 (0.77-1.30) | |||
Home Language | English vs. Other | 0.96 (0.57-1.64) | 0.891 | ||
English Literacy | No vs. Yes | 1.28 (0.95-1.70) | 0.106 | ||
Carer Status | No Carer vs. Visiting Carer | 1.74 (1.23-2.45) | 0.0040 | 1.28 (0.92-1.76) | <0.0001 |
No Carer vs. Live-In | 1.62 (1.18-2.23) | 1.88 (1.41-2.51) | |||
Social Isolation | No vs. Yes | 1.06 (0.79-1.43) | 0.677 | ||
Source of Transport | Own Car vs. Carer | 1.10 (0.82-1.47) | 0.0105 | ||
Own Car vs. Public | 1.72 (1.19-2.48) | ||||
Employment Status | Retired vs. Work/Study | 1.87 (1.33-2.62) | 0.0002 | ||
Education Level | Primary vs. Secondary | 0.84 (0.63-1.13) | 0.360 | ||
Primary vs. Tertiary | 0.72 (0.38-1.34) | ||||
Body Mass Index | Normal vs. Underweight | 1.27 (0.65-2.48) | 0.420 | ||
Normal vs. Overweight | 1.18 (0.81-1.72) | ||||
Normal vs. Obese | 1.40 (0.99-1.98) | ||||
Smoking Status | Never vs. Former | 1.34 (1.01-1.78) | 0.0423 | ||
Never vs. Current | 1.74 (1.04-2.92) | ||||
Alcohol Consumption | No vs. Yes | 1.41 (1.05-1.89) | 0.0197 | ||
Falls History | No vs. Yes | 1.01 (0.77-1.34) | 0.917 | ||
Visual Impairment | No vs. Yes | 1.07 (0.80-1.42) | 0.643 | ||
Hearing Impairment | No vs. Yes | 0.69 (0.53-0.90) | 0.0064 | ||
Comorbidity | Heart Disease No vs. Yes | 0.97 (0.73-1.30) | 0.838 | ||
Respiratory No vs. Yes | 1.07 (0.83-1.39) | 0.614 | |||
Diabetes No vs. Yes | 1.62 (1.24-2.12) | 0.0003 | |||
Current Cancer No vs. Yes | 1.13 (0.67-1.90) | 0.638 | |||
Dementia No vs. Yes | 1.04 (0.20-5.32) | 0.962 | |||
Musculoskeletal No vs. Yes | 0.57 (0.44-0.74) | <0.0001 | 0.71 (0.56-0.90) | 0.0046 | |
Prior ED Presentations | Per Presentation | 1.07 (1.04-1.11) | <0.0001 | 1.06 (1.03-1.08) | <0.0001 |
Prior Admissions | Per Admission | 1.11 (1.07-1.15) | <0.0001 | ||