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Table 2 Results of a negative binomial regression of clinical and demographic risk factors for the number of hospital admissions in a prospective cohort study in western Sydney, Australia (over 24 months)

From: Demographic and clinical predictors of unplanned hospital utilisation among chronically ill patients: a prospective cohort study

  

Number of hospital admissions

 Risk factor

Reference vs. comparison

Univariate rate ratio (95% CI)

Univariate p-value

Multivariate rate ratio (95% CI)

Multivariate p-value*

Age

Per 10 years

0.90 (0.81-1.00)

0.053

0.93 (0.84-1.04)

0.194

Sex

Male vs. Female

1.11 (0.87-1.43)

0.400

1.30 (1.03-1.65)

0.0289

Marital Status

Married vs. Divorced

1.90 (1.33-2.70)

0.0006

  
 

Married vs. Single/Widow

1.01 (0.77-1.32)

   

Home Language

English vs. Other

1.05 (0.63-1.74)

0.656

  

English Literacy

No vs. Yes

1.10 (0.83-1.45)

0.516

  

Carer Status

No Carer vs. Visiting Carer

1.47 (1.05-2.05)

0.0023

1.57 (1.13-2.19)

<0.0001

 

No Carer vs. Live-In

1.75 (1.29-2.39)

 

2.16 (1.61-2.92)

 

Social Isolation

No vs. Yes

1.28 (0.97-1.70)

0.083

  

Source of Transport

Own Car vs. Carer

1.14 (0.86-1.51)

0.560

  
 

Own Car vs. Public

1.18 (0.82-1.69)

   

Employment Status

Retired vs. Work/Study

1.26 (0.90-1.77)

0.170

  

Education Level

Primary vs. Secondary

1.03 (0.77-1.37)

0.911

  
 

Primary vs. Tertiary

0.90 (0.49-1.63)

   

Body Mass Index

Normal vs. Underweight

1.13 (0.59-2.16)

0.584

  
 

Normal vs. Overweight

1.06 (0.74-1.53)

   
 

Normal vs. Obese

1.06 (0.75-1.48)

   

Smoking Status

Never vs. Former

1.28 (0.98-1.69)

0.0406

  
 

Never vs. Current

1.78 (1.09-2.92)

   

Alcohol Consumption

No vs. Yes

1.09 (0.81-1.45)

0.571

  

Falls History

No vs. Yes

1.13 (0.87-1.48)

0.352

  

Visual Impairment

No vs. Yes

0.89 (0.68-1.16)

0.383

  

Hearing Impairment

No vs. Yes

0.85 (0.66-1.10)

0.212

  

Comorbidity

Heart Disease No vs. Yes

1.00 (0.76-1.32)

0.994

  
 

Respiratory No vs. Yes

1.39 (1.09-1.78)

0.0086

1.54 (1.23-1.94)

0.0002

 

Diabetes No vs. Yes

1.30 (0.99-1.68)

0.050

  
 

Current Cancer No vs. Yes

1.28 (0.77-2.11)

0.336

  
 

Dementia No vs. Yes

1.40 (0.30-6.58)

0.662

  
 

Musculoskeletal No vs. Yes

0.69 (0.59-0.84)

0.0039

0.70 (0.55-0.89)

0.0039

Prior ED Presentations

Per Presentation

1.06 (1.03-1.10)

<0.0001

  

Prior Admissions

Per Admission

1.11 (1.06-1.16)

<0.0001

1.09 (1.05-1.13)

<0.0001

  1. *All multivariate models are also adjusted for treatment group.