Factors associated with the frequency of physician visits among North Korean defectors residing in South Korea: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Nested linear models for frequency of physician visits among North Korean defectors

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	beta	p-value	beta	p-value	beta	p-value
Disability (no)
yes	.077	.036	.086	.022	.090	.045
Chronic disease (no)
yes	.356	<.001	.347	<.001	.346	<.001
Self-rated health	-.297	<.001	-.326	<.001	-.287	<.001
Exile duration (<5 years)
5 ≤ ~ <10 years			.069	.079	.051	.292
≥10 years			.005	.903	-.039	.446
Residence period in SK (<18 months)
≥18 months			.082	.026	.032	.459
Satisfaction with SK government support			.024	.537	-.005	.911
Life satisfaction			.018	.650	.048	.320
Language barrier			-.042	.255	-.071	.111
Cultural barrier			-.065	.090	-.048	.290
Traumatic experiences in NK			-.037	.373	-.078	.126
Traumatic experiences during migration			.083	.048	.108	.033
Gender (male)
female					.160	.001
Age (20–29)
30-39					-.042	.478
≤40					-.053	.408
Marital status (single)
married					.073	.179
unmarried^†					.055	.343
Education in NK (secondary school graduate)
some college or more					-.008	.858
Religion (no)
yes					-.056	.201
Job (no)
yes					.041	.429
Annual household income^‡					-.110	.028
Health insurance type (Medical Aid)
NHI					-.007	.884
F-value (p-value)	93.34 (<.001)		24.92 (<.001)		11.13 (<.001)
−2 log-likelihood (p-value)	1655.643 (<.001)		1643.644 (<.001)		1145.889 (<.001)
R² (adj. R²)	.362 (.358)		.383 (.368)		.429 (.390)
Mean VIF	1.385		1.251		1.449
Number of observation	498		498		498

†Unmarried included divorced, separated, and widowed.
‡Annual household income was log-transformed.
SK, South Korea; NK, North Korea; NHI, National Health Insurance; VIF, variance inflation factor.

ISSN: 1472-6963