Table 4 Characteristics associated with non-VA inpatient admissions in 2004 and 2005, multivariate analysis

DEMOGRAPHICS

 Age

 <65

Ref

Ref

Ref

 ≥65

1.90 (1.65-2.17)

<.0001

1.61 (1.25-2.08)

0.0002

2.00 (1.70-2.35)

<.0001

 Race

 White

Ref

Ref

Ref

 African American

1.05 (0.94-1.16)

0.4032

1.02 (0.86-1.22)

0.8293

1.07 (0.94-1.22)

0.3128

 Other

3.17 (1.91-5.27)

<.0001

3.58 (1.63-7.85)

0.0015

2.98 (1.52-5.83)

0.0015

 Distance from VA

 0-9.9 miles

Ref

Ref

Ref

 10-29.9 miles

1.51 (1.33-1.72)

<.0001

1.41 (1.13-1.75)

0.0022

1.59 (1.35-1.86)

<.0001

 30-59.9 miles

2.08 (1.79-2.41)

<.0001

1.78 (1.38-2.30)

<.0001

2.25 (1.87-2.70)

<.0001

 60-119.9 miles

3.42 (2.92-4.01)

<.0001

3.06 (2.29-4.09)

<.0001

3.62 (2.99-4.37)

<.0001

 ≥120 miles

3.06 (2.23-4.19)

<.0001

5.67 (2.90-11.06)

<.0001

2.61 (1.83-3.74)

<.0001

 Co-pay status

 No Co-pay

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Co-pay

2.66 (2.05-3.46)

<.0001

2.61 (1.68-4.05)

<.0001

2.76 (1.99-3.84)

<.0001

ENROLLMENT

 Medicare

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Medicaid

2.83 (2.28-3.52)

<.0001

2.93 (2.17-3.94)

<.0001

2.57 (1.85-3.57)

<.0001

 Medicare and Medicaid

2.50 (2.11-2.95)

<.0001

2.89 (2.27-3.69)

<.0001

2.17 (1.72-2.73)

<.0001

HEALTH

 HIV

 Positive

0.76 (0.68-0.85)

<.0001

 Negative

Ref

 HCC Risk Score¹

 <1

Ref

Ref

Ref

 ≥1

0.99 (0.89-1.10)

0.8071

0.95 (0.79-1.14)

0.5937

1.01 (0.88-1.15)

0.9127

INPATIENT ADMISSIONS

 Number of Admissions

 1

Ref

Ref

Ref

 ≥2

3.10 (2.79-3.45)

<.0001

4.45 (3.69-5.37)

<.0001

2.62 (2.30-2.98)

<.0001

 ICU²Admission

 Yes

1.73 (1.52-1.96)

<.0001

1.42 (1.15-1.76)

0.0012

1.94 (1.65-2.27)

<.0001

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Substance Abuse

 Yes

1.16 (1.03-1.31)

0.0179

1.28 (1.05-1.55)

0.0138

1.08 (0.92-1.26)

0.3356

 No

Ref

Ref

Ref