Variable | Adjusted model a | |
---|---|---|
OR | (95% CI) | |
Sociodemographic factors | ||
Gender | ||
 Men | 1.07 | (0.66–1.75) |
 Women | 1.00 |  |
Age group, years | ||
  ≥ 65 | 2.55 | (1.13-5.76) |
 50–64 | 1.63 | (0.82-3.24) |
 35–49 | 1.04 | (0.59-1.84) |
 19–34 | 1.00 |  |
Residential region | ||
 Urban | 1.08 | (0.72–1.62) |
 Rural | 1.00 |  |
Education level, years | ||
  ≤ 6 | 1.87 | (0.97-3.60) |
 7–9 | 2.35 | (1.19-4.64) |
 10–12 | 1.66 | (1.07-2.56) |
  ≥ 13 | 1.00 |  |
Marital status | ||
 Widowed | 1.40 | (0.84–2.34) |
 Divorced | 1.29 | (0.67–2.45) |
 Never married | 1.39 | (0.74–2.62) |
 Married | 1.00 |  |
Employment status | ||
 Unemployed | 0.47 | (0.32–0.67) |
 Employed | 1.00 |  |
Monthly household income | ||
  < US$1000 | 0.65 | (0.41–1.03) |
  ≥ US$3500 | 0.89 | (0.54–1.46) |
 US$1000 to < US$3500 | 1.00 |  |
National health insurance type | ||
 Medical aid | 0.82 | (0.50–1.36) |
 National insurance | 1.00 |  |
Health-related factors | ||
Smoking status | ||
 Current | 1.11 | (0.66-1.88) |
 Past | 1.00 | (0.57-1.66) |
 Never | 1.00 |  |
Alcohol consumption status | ||
 Current | 1.10 | (0.76-1.61) |
 Past or never | 1.00 |  |
Subjective health status | 0.71 | (0.60-0.85) |
Perceived usual stress | ||
 Very high | 0.94 | (0.44-1.99) |
 High | 1.19 | (0.58-2.45) |
 Low | 1.45 | (0.70-3.01) |
 Little | 1/.00 |  |
Ever diagnosed with a chronic disease | ||
 Arthritis | ||
  Yes | 0.68 | (0.45-1.02) |
  No | 1.00 |  |
 Diabetes | ||
  Yes | 1.77 | (1.02-3.08) |
  No | 1.00 |  |
 Hypertension | ||
  Yes | 1.02 | (0.67-1.56) |
  No | 1.00 |  |
 Angina | ||
  Yes | 1.04 | (0.44-2.48) |
  No | 1.00 |  |
 Asthma | ||
  Yes | 0.65 | (0.35-1.21) |
  No | 1.00 |  |
Intercept (coefficient, CI) | 2.9133 | (1.8018-4.0248) |