Table 3 Analysis of CMA by covariates in relation to generic substitution (n = 95,168)

Gender

 Female

(reference)

–

 Male

1.6

0.0004

Age (years)

 18–39

(reference)

–

 40–49

8.3

<.0001

 50–59

13.0

<.0001

 60–69

16.7

<.0001

 70-79

17.8

<.0001

 80–

-

-^a

Level of education

 Primary school

(reference)

–

 Secondary school

−0.3

0.6

 University

−0.3

0.6

Background

 Swedish

(reference)

–

 Migrant

−4.4

<.0001

Drugs prior to index

 0

(reference)

–

 1

−0.8

0.3

 2–4

−0.1

0.9

 5–

1.8

0.003

Previous cardiovascular disease

 No

(reference)

–

 Yes

12.8

<.0001

Pharmacological diabetes treatment

 None

(reference)

–

 Insulin only

0.0

1.0

 Oral antidiabetics only, or both insulin and oral antidiabetics

3.6

<.0001