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Table 3 Regression analysis results for the association between type of health insurance and utilization of hypertension-related inpatient services among patients with hypertension

From: Effect of health insurance type on health care utilization in patients with hypertension: a national health insurance database study in Korea

 

Hospital admission

Length of stay

Hospitalization costs

Odds ratio [95% CI]

Factor change a[95% CI]

Factor change a[95% CI]

Type of insurance

   

  Medical Aid Class Ib

1.710***

1.305***

1.412***

[1.632-1.792]

[1.243-1.370]

[1.289-1.545]

  Medical Aid Class IIc

1.413***

1.419***

1.103

[1.271-1.570]

[1.263-1.594]

[0.907-1.340]

  Health Insurance [ref]

-

-

-

Age

1.029***

1.014***

1.037***

[1.028-1.030]

[1.013-1.016]

[1.035-1.040]

Gender

   

  Male

0.999

0.992

0.893**

[0.969-1.030]

[0.959-1.027]

[0.839-0.951]

  Female [ref]

-

-

-

Total costs for insurance-covered services (all causes) d

1.013***

1.012***

1.024***

[1.012-1.014]

[1.011-1.013]

[1.022-1.027]

Total No. outpatient visits (all causes)

0.981***

0.970***

0.988*

[0.975-0.986]

[0.966-0.974]

[0.978-0.998]

Elixhauser comorbidity index

1.577***

1.074***

1.784***

[1.563-1.592]

[1.064-1.084]

[1.749-1.822]

Ownership of institution

   

  Non-government owned

1.004

0.891

1.197*

[0.910-1.107]

[0.805-0.986]

[1.013-1.416]

  Government owned [ref]

-

-

-

Type of institution

   

  Tertiary hospital

2.117***

0.544***

1.240**

[2.005-2.235]

[0.505-0.585]

[1.091-1.409]

  General hospital

1.923***

0.713***

1.065

[1.844-2.006]

[0.670-0.758]

[0.949-1.194]

  Hospitale [ref]

2.240***

-

-

[2.126-2.360]

  

  Long-term care facility

5.213***

2.919***

2. 474***

[4.580-5.933]

[2.583-3.300]

[2.024-3.022]

  Public health center

1.260***

0.696***

0.880

[1.130-1.406]

[0.616-0.786]

[0.715-1.084]

  Clinicf [ref]

-

0.673***

0.549***

 

[0.636-0.712]

[0.496-0.607]

Location of institution

   

  Six major cities

1.134***

1.358***

0.992

[1.085-1.185]

[1.293-1.426]

[0.907-1.085]

  Nine provinces

1.248***

1.145***

1.046

[1.200-1.298]

[1.096-1.196]

[0.968-1.131]

  Seoul [ref]

-

-

-

c -statistic

0.778

  

Dispersion parameter

 

1.481

 

P -value for LR test g

 

< 0.0001

 

Vuongstatistic h

 

93.73***

 
  1. All inpatient services were hypertension-related, with a primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary diagnosis of hypertension; Robust standard errors in parenthesis; All covariates at index-date otherwise specified; aExp (coefficient estimate) = factor change in expected hospitalization costs for a unit increase in a covariate; bBeneficiaries of Medical Aid who are not able to work at all; cBeneficiaries of Medical Aid who are able to work; dInsurance-covered medical costs during the 6-month baseline period in 2006 Korean won (one US dollar approximately equals 1,200 Korean won); eHospital used as a reference for length-of-stay and hospitalization costs variable; fClinic used as a reference for the hospital admission variable; gLikelihood Ratio (LR) test comparing negative binomial model against Poisson model; hComparing zero-inflated negative binomial model against negative binomial model; * p <0.05; ** p <0.001; *** p <0.0001; SE = standard error; 95% CI =95% confidence interval.
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BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

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