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Table 13 Average marginal effects for health care provider choice models for adults (Age ≥ 15 years), robust Z statistics in parenthesis

From: Poverty and health care demand in Kenya

Dependent variable = health care provider

 

None

Non-modern

Modern

Variable

(1)

(2)

(3)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(1)

(2)

(3)

Poor

0.085

0.271

0.275

0.024

0.156

0.156

-0.109

-0.427

-0.431

 

(8.71)

(3.33)

(3.37)

(4.04)

(3.31)

(3.33)

(-10.67)

(-5.02)

(-5.06)

Rural

0.005

0.001

0.002

0.049

0.047

0.046

-0.054

-0.048

-0.048

 

(0.49)

(0.13)

(0.16)

(7.02)

(6.61)

(6.56)

(-4.81)

(-4.22)

(-4.21)

Male

0.013

0.016

0.015

0.008

0.010

0.010

-0.021

-0.026

-0.026

 

(1.41)

(1.68)

(1.63)

(1.41)

(1.73)

(1.82)

(-2.15)

(-2.59)

(-2.60)

Household size

-0.001

-0.009

-0.009

-0.002

-0.008

-0.008

0.003

0.017

0.017

 

(-0.74)

(-2.34)

(-2.37)

(-1.66)

(-3.37)

(-3.41)

(1.65)

(4.10)

(4.16)

Fever/Malaria

-0.00004

0.004

0.005

0.020

0.024

0.024

-0.020

-0.028

-0.028

 

(-0.00)

(0.42)

(0.43)

(3.16)

(3.60)

(3.59)

(-1.90)

(-2.56)

(-2.57)

Flu

0.186

0.192

0.192

0.080

0.085

0.085

-0.266

-0.277

-0.277

 

(12.14)

(12.37)

(12.36)

(9.29)

(9.60)

(9.65)

(-16.38)

(-16.84)

(-16.86)

Headache

0.082

0.071

0.071

0.076

0.068

0.068

-0.158

-0.139

-0.139

 

(4.61)

(3.87)

(3.86)

(7.89)

(6.78)

(6.77)

(-8.43)

(-7.18)

(-7.16)

Distance to nearest health facility

0.003

0.001

0.001

-0.002

-0.003

-0.003

-0.001

0.002

0.002

 

(5.77)

(1.44)

(1.26)

(-5.51)

(-5.71)

(-5.45)

(-2.01)

(1.87)

(1.90)

Age

0.001

0.0007

0.0007

-0.0002

-0.0005

-0.0005

-0.0009

-0.0003

-0.0003

 

(4.13)

(2.28)

(2.30)

(-1.10)

(-2.47)

(-2.54)

(-3.30)

(-0.79)

(-0.77)

Catholic

-0.107

-0.104

-0.104

0.014

0.017

0.017

0.093

0.087

0.087

 

(-7.69)

(-7.43)

(-7.46)

(1.68)

(1.93)

(1.98)

(6.27)

(5.88)

(5.87)

Protestant

-0.089

-0.081

-0.081

0.008

0.014

0.014

0.081

0.067

0.067

 

(-6.99)

(-6.15)

(-6.16)

(1.03)

(1.66)

(1.72)

(5.96)

(4.79)

(4.77)

Muslim

-0.065

-0.077

-0.078

-0.017

-0.026

-0.025

0.083

0.103

0.103

 

(-3.42)

(-3.90)

(-3.94)

(-1.35)

(-1.92)

(-1.87)

(4.06)

(4.89)

(4.88)

No education

0.014

-0.009

-0.009

0.0005

-0.016

-0.017

-0.015

0.025

0.026

 

(1.41)

(-0.63)

(-0.61)

(0.08)

(-1.89)

(-1.96)

(-1.39)

(1.67)

(1.70)

Married

0.001

0.007

0.007

-0.005

-0.001

-0.0007

0.004

-0.006

-0.006

 

(0.14)

(0.73)

(0.72)

(-0.95)

(-0.17)

(-0.13)

(0.41)

(-0.60)

(-0.62)

Poor residuals

 

-0.114

-0.095

 

-0.081

-0.103

 

0.196

0.197

  

(-2.30)

(-1.82)

 

(-2.81)

(-3.39)

 

(3.76)

(3.65)

Poor interacted with residuals

  

-0.041

  

0.039

  

0.002

   

(-1.30)

  

(2.11)

  

(0.05)

Number of observations

9,694

9,694

9,694

9,694

9,694

9,694

9,694

9,694

9,694