Figure 1

Total and added BIR costs (billions) by health care sector. Blue = total BIR; Orange = added BIR. Added defined as spending above indicated benchmark comparison. Physicians: synthesis range = $68-71 billion (total), $45-52 billion (added). Private insurer total and added BIR includes administrative costs incurred for privatized Medicare and Medicaid services ($24.5 billion and $14.2 billion, respectively).