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Table 5 Correlating healthcare utilization of persons with NCDs with individual, societal and healthcare system determinants

From: A mixed methods exploration of patterns of healthcare utilization of urban women with non-communicable disease in South Africa

Domain

Determinants

Utilization

No utilization

Total

P-value

Individual determinants

Age (mean ± SD) (N = 545)

46 ± 6.7

45.1 ± 6.5

45.7 ± 6.6

p = 0.07

 

Socioeconomic Status (N = 542)

    
 

Low

34 (18.9%)

51 (14.1%)

85 (15.7%)

p = 0.15

 

Medium to High

146 (81.1%)

311 (85.9%)

457 (84.3%)

 
 

Employment (N = 545)

    
 

Formal or informal paid labor

81 (44.8%)

144 (39.6%)

225 (41.3%)

p = 0.25

 

Housewife/ pensioner/ unemployed

100 (55.3%)

220 (60.4%)

320 (58.7%)

 
 

Medical aid (N = 545)

41 (22.7%)

52 (14.3%)

93 (17.1%)

p = 0.01

 

Regular medication (N = 545)

126 (69.6%)

253 (69.5%)

379 (69.5%)

p = 0.98

Societal determinants

Shared hlth beliefs family (N = 545)

179 (98.9%)

361 (99.2%)

540 (99.1%)

p = 0.75

 

Shared hlth beliefs comm (N = 545)

142 (78.5%)

302 (83%)

444 (81.5%)

p = 0.2

 

Specific belief in traditional healers (N = 542)

66 (36.9%)

108 (29.8%)

174 (32.1%)

p = 0.09

 

Use of patient strategies (N = 545)

61 (33.7%)

89 (24.5%)

150 (27.5%)

p = 0.02

Healthcare system determinants

Availability of formal healthcare services (N = 545)

165 (91.2%)

306 (84.1%)

471 (86.4%)

p = 0.02

 

Affordability of formal healthcare services (N = 545)

136 (75.1%)

244 (67%)

380 (69.7%)

p = 0.05