Domain | Determinants | No NCD | NCD | Total | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individual determinants | Age (mean ± SD) (N = 1089) | 43.7 ± 5.8 | 45.7 ± 6.6 | 44.7 ± 6.3 | p = 0.00 |
Socioeconomic Status (N = 1085) | |||||
Low | 102 (18.9%) | 85 (15.6%) | 187 (17.2%) | p = 0.16 | |
Medium to High | 439 (81.2%) | 459 (84.4%) | 898 (82.8%) | ||
Employment (N = 1089) | |||||
Formal or informal paid labor | 287 (52.9%) | 225 (41.1%) | 512 (47%) | p = 0.00 | |
Housewife/pensioner/unemployed | 255 (47.1%) | 322 (58.8%) | 577 (53%) | ||
Medical aid (N = 1086) | 98 (18.2%) | 94 (17.2%) | 894 (82.3%) | p = 0.67 | |
Societal determinants | Shared hlth beliefs family (N = 1090) | 540 (99.5%) | 542 (99.1%) | 1082 (99.3%) | p = 0.48 |
Shared hlth beliefs comm (N = 1090) | 435 (80.1%) | 446 (81.5%) | 881 (80.8%) | p = 0.5 | |
Specific belief in traditional healers (N = 1085) | 170 (31.4%) | 175 (32.2%) | 345 (31.8%) | p = 0.79 | |
Use of patient strategies (N = 1090) | 119 (21.9%) | 150 (27.4%) | 269 (24.7%) | p = 0.03 | |
Healthcare system determinants | Availability of formal healthcare services (N = 1090) | 462 (85.1%) | 473 (86.5%) | 935 (85.8%) | p = 0.5 |
Affordability of formal healthcare services (N = 1090) | 387 (71.3%) | 380 (69.5%) | 767 (70.4%) | p = 0.5 | |
Healthcare utilization | Place of Treatment* (N = 263) | ||||
Private healthcare services | 36 (43.9%) | 70 (38.7%) | 106 (40.3%) | p = 0.42 | |
Public healthcare services | 46 (56.1%) | 111 (61.3%) | 157 (59.7%) | ||
Health Care Utilization (N = 1086) | |||||
Utilization in last 6 months | 82 (15.2%) | 181 (33.2%) | 263 (24.2%) | p = 0.00 | |
No Utilization in last 6 months | 459 (84.8%) | 364 (66.8%) | 823 (75.8%) |