Table 3 Key sub-dimensions for categorisation as a high-PSC unit ^‡

Frequency of events reported

1.36

(1.19-1.56)

<0.01 ^†

1.19

(0.87-1.64)

0.27

1.41

(0.68-2.91)

0.35

0.81

(0.50-1.31)

0.39

0.47

(0.15-1.46)

0.19

0.70

(0.18-2.71)

0.61

1.10

(0.46-2.65)

0.83

Overall perceptions of patient safety

1.39

(1.14-1.70)

<0.01 ^†

1.52

(0.97-2.39)

0.07

1.61

(0.55-4.73)

0.39

1.30

(0.65-2.61)

0.46

0.78

(0.16-3.77)

0.76

0.50

(0.04-5.80)

0.58

4.57

(1.36-15.32)

0.01 ^†

Supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting safety

1.54

(1.26-1.88)

<0.01 ^†

2.30

(1.45-3.64)

<0.01 ^†

0.63

(0.20-1.97)

0.42

2.13

(1.06-4.27)

0.03 ^†

0.68

(0.15-3.08)

0.61

27.08

(2.74-267.32)

0.01 ^†

1.71

(0.53-5.48)

0.37

Organisational learning - continuous improvement

1.20

(1.00-1.43)

0.05

1.21

(0.81-1.82)

0.36

1.69

(0.66-4.32)

0.27

0.79

(0.42-1.50)

0.47

1.21

(0.30-4.80)

0.79

16.64

(1.41-196.24)

0.03 ^†

0.83

(0.27-2.59)

0.75

Teamwork within hospital units

1.79

(1.49-2.16)

<0.01 ^†

2.12

(1.37-3.29)

<0.01 ^†

2.98

(0.99-9.00)

0.05

1.59

(0.78-3.24)

0.20

1.47

(0.37-5.91)

0.58

0.27

(0.04-2.04)

0.21

1.79

(0.58-5.54)

0.31

Communication openness

1.16

(0.97-1.39)

0.10

0.89

(0.59-1.34)

0.58

1.42

(0.56-3.60)

0.46

1.15

(0.61-2.17)

0.68

0.58

(0.15-2.21)

0.42

1.77

(0.31-10.29)

0.52

0.32

(0.1-1.04)

0.06

Feedback and communication about error

1.47

(1.23-1.75)

<0.01 ^†

1.62

(1.07-2.45)

0.02 ^†

2.05

(0.80-5.31)

0.14

1.81

(0.95-3.46)

0.07

6.35

(1.55-26.09)

0.01 ^†

1.02

(0.14-7.53)

0.98

4.75

(1.61-13.98)

0.01 ^†

Non-punitive response to error

1.20

(1.02-1.41)

0.03 ^†

1.66

(1.13-2.43)

0.01 ^†

3.81

(1.61-8.99)

<0.01 ^†

0.83

(0.47-1.48)

0.52

2.73

(0.70-10.57)

0.15

0.43

(0.09-2.14)

0.30

0.89

(0.33-2.42)

0.82

Staffing

1.32

(1.07-1.62)

0.01 ^†

2.02

(1.19-3.43)

0.01 ^†

0.37

(0.13-1.10)

0.07

1.29

(0.61-2.73)

0.50

4.72

(1.01-22.21)

0.05 ^†

1.30

(0.14-12.23)

0.82

9.28

(2.24-38.37)

<0.01 ^†

Hospital management support for patient safety

1.50

(1.25-1.80)

<0.01 ^†

1.35

(0.90-2.04)

0.15

1.58

(0.61-4.13)

0.35

1.94

(0.99-3.79)

0.05

0.61

(0.15-2.45)

0.48

0.99

(0.15-6.72)

0.99

1.23

(0.39-3.93)

0.72

Teamwork across hospital units

1.08

(0.88-1.32)

0.47

0.65

(0.41-1.04)

0.07

1.70

(0.61-4.75)

0.31

1.14

(0.57-2.27)

0.71

1.67

(0.36-7.83)

0.52

1.28

(0.18-9.23)

0.81

1.34

(0.39-4.6)

0.64

Hospital handoffs and transitions

0.72

(0.61-0.86)

<0.01 ^†

0.71

(0.48-1.05)

0.09

0.47

(0.19-1.15)

0.10

2.18

(1.18-4.05)

0.01 ^†

0.62

(0.15-2.57)

0.51

1.76

(0.27-11.68)

0.56

0.51

(0.17-1.49)

0.22