Table 4 Determinants of (a) seeing a professional for a new health problem (b) using private healthcare-logistic regression (RLMS: men and women aged 18–59)
Male | Female | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(i) Age, gender | (ii) Age, gend, inc, educ, area, marital | (iii) = (ii) + empl. status + s-r health | (i) Age, gender | (ii) Age, gend, inc, educ, area, marital | (iii) = (ii) + empl. status + s-r health | |
SEEING A PROFESSIONAL (vs not seeing) – Odds ratio (95% CI) | ||||||
Sex (female vs male) | - | - | - | 1.16 (1.01–1.33) | 1.17 (1.00–1.35) | 1.03 (0.89–1.21) |
Age (per year) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 1.00 (0.99–1.02) | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) | 1.00 (1.00–1.01) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) |
Health ins. | ||||||
Compulsory | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Suppl. (priv) | 1.02 (0.53–1.97) | 1.13 (0.56–2.27) | 1.21 (0.60–2.45) | 1.04 (0.63–1.70) | 1.19 (0.69–2.07) | 1.28 (0.73–2.23) |
None | 0.62 (0.41–0.93) | 0.64 (0.42–0.98) | 0.68 (0.44–1.06) | 0.56 (0.36–0.88) | 0.53 (0.33–0.86) | 0.56 (0.34–0.91) |
Education | ||||||
1ry/incomp 2ry | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Comp 2ry | 0.76 (0.58–0.99) | 0.79 (0.60–1.05) | 0.89 (0.66–1.20) | 0.68 (0.54–0.87) | 0.72 (0.56–0.93) | 0.77 (0.59–1.01) |
Higher | 0.82 (0.60–1.11) | 0.91 (0.65–1.27) | 1.11 (0.78–1.58) | 0.77 (0.61–0.97) | 0.85 (0.66–1.10) | 0.95 (0.72–1.25) |
Hhld inc. pp quintile (asc.) | 0.96 (0.88–1.04) | 0.96 (0.88–1.05) | 1.01 (0.92–1.10) | 0.98 (0.92–1.04) | 0.98 (0.92–1.05) | 1.00 (0.93–1.07) |
Nr consumer gds (0–5) | 0.92 (0.70–1.21) | 0.96 (0.69–1.34) | 1.03 (0.72–1.47) | 0.97 (0.83–1.14) | 0.91 (0.76–1.11) | 0.87 (0.72–1.06) |
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Single | 1.63 (1.15–2.31) | 1.56 (1.08–2.25) | 1.23 (0.81–1.86) | 1.49 (1.14–1.94) | 1.46 (1.10–1.94) | 1.44 (1.06–1.94) |
Divorced | 1.99 (1.24–3.19) | 2.08 (1.27–3.41) | 1.67 (0.98–2.85) | 0.92 (0.69–1.23) | 0.92 (0.69–1.25) | 0.97 (0.72–1.32) |
Widowed | 0.52 (0.15–1.80) | 0.54 (0.15–1.89) | 0.43 (0.12–1.55) | 1.10 (0.79–1.54) | 1.15 (0.81–1.62) | 1.09 (0.77–1.56) |
Cohabiting | 1.15 (0.80–1.66) | 1.15 (0.79–1.68) | 1.24 (0.84–1.83) | 1.10 (0.83–1.47) | 1.09 (0.80–1.48) | 1.09 (0.79–1.49) |
Geog. area | ||||||
Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Rural | 0.96 (0.73–1.26) | 0.93 (0.70–1.24) | 1.00 (0.75–1.35) | 1.05 (0.85–1.30) | 1.03 (0.82–1.28) | 1.06 (0.84–1.33) |
Moscow/St P | 1.18 (0.86–1.62) | 1.18 (0.83–1.66) | 1.22 (0.85–1.73) | 1.12 (0.88–1.43) | 1.18 (0.90–1.56) | 1.22 (0.92–1.62) |
Employment | ||||||
Working | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
paid leave | 1.09 (0.29–4.06) | 1.14 (0.30–4.29) | 1.00 (0.26–3.80) | 1.27 (0.79–2.02) | 1.46 (0.88–2.44) | 1.55 (0.92–2.61) |
Unpaid leave | - | - | - | 3.13 (0.70–14.06) | 2.84 (0.62–12.99) | 2.96 (0.65–13.46) |
not working | 1.74 (1.26–2.39) | 1.71 (1.16–2.52) | 1.57 (1.06–2.33) | 1.02 (0.80–1.31) | 1.07 (0.81–1.42) | 1.05 (0.79–1.40) |
unemployed | 0.95 (0.64–1.41) | 0.94 (0.62–1.41) | 0.92 (0.60–1.41) | 0.61 (0.42–0.90) | 0.63 (0.42–0.94) | 0.65 (0.43–0.97) |
Pension | 3.10 (2.07–4.62) | 2.93 (1.89–4.55) | 2.32 (1.47–3.66) | 1.78 (1.35–2.35) | 1.60 (1.18–2.17) | 1.33 (0.97–1.82) |
Self-rated hlth 1(vg) -5(vp) | 1.81 (1.51–2.16) | 1.78 (1.47–2.14) | 1.65 (1.36–2.00) | 1.98 (1.69–2.32) | 2.02 (1.71–2.39) | 2.00 (1.69–2.36) |
SEEKING PRIVATE HEALTH CARE (vs not seeking private care) – Odds ratio (95% CI) | ||||||
Sex (female vs male) | - | - | - | 1.81 (1.15–2.85) | 1.52 (0.92– 2.52) | 1.52 (0.92–2.53) |
Age (per year) | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) | 0.98 (0.93–1.03) | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 0.98 (0.97–1.00) | 0.96 (0.93–0.98) | 0.96 (0.93–0.98) |
Health ins. | ||||||
Compulsory | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Suppl. (priv) | 3.56 (0.72–17.58) | 1.83 (0.28–12.08) | 2.64 (0.40–17.26) | 3.03 (1.15–7.95) | 2.25 (0.72–7.00) | 2.23 (0.71–6.98) |
None | 4.61 (1.55–13.74) | 3.80 (0.96–15.08) | 3.65 (0.85–15.71) | 2.45 (0.87–6.93) | 2.78 (0.81–9.51) | 2.83 (0.81–9.81) |
Education | ||||||
1ry/incomp 2ry | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Comp 2ry | 4.94 (1.33–18.42) | 7.06 (1.44–34.58) | 8.28 (1.62–42.40) | 2.68 (1.04–6.89) | 3.24 (1.13–9.25) | 3.26 (1.13–9.36) |
Higher | 8.59 (2.10–35.20) | 9.14 (1.62–51.46) | 12.06 (1.91–76.0) | 6.14 (2.49–15.14) | 6.52 (2.33–18.27) | 6.21 (2.13–18.10) |
Hhld inc. pp quintile (asc.) | 1.74 (1.22–2.48) | 1.46 (0.99–2.17) | 1.49 (1.01–2.20) | 1.23 (1.03–1.46) | 1.12 (0.93–1.36) | 1.08 (0.89–1.32) |
Nr consumer gds (0–5) | 1.02 (0.94–1.10) | 1.07 (0.97–1.18) | 1.08 (0.98–1.19) | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) |
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Single | 2.63 (0.71–9.74) | 1.77 (0.48–6.52) | 1.96 (0.43–8.88) | 0.65 (0.33–1.29) | 0.89 (0.43–1.85) | 0.85 (0.40–1.82) |
Divorced | 0.63 (0.08–5.07) | 0.81 (0.09–7.47) | 0.97 (0.09–10.35) | 0.82 (0.35–1.92) | 0.86 (0.35–2.10) | 0.80 (0.33–1.98) |
Widowed | - | - | - | 1.28 (0.52–3.13) | 1.95 (0.75–5.09) | 1.96 (0.75–5.13) |
Cohabiting | 1.30 (0.34–5.05) | 0.64 (0.12–3.50) | 0.81 (0.13–4.99) | 0.40 (0.15–1.07) | 0.20 (0.04–0.86) | 0.19 (0.04–0.86) |
Geog. area | ||||||
Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Rural | 0.40 (0.09–1.81) | 0.46 (0.10–2.19) | 0.42 (0.08–2.08) | 0.63 (0.33–1.23) | 0.76 (0.38–1.52) | 0.74 (0.37–1.49) |
Moscow/St P | 4.21 (1.78–9.94) | 2.88 (1.09–7.63) | 2.87 (1.04–7.91) | 1.66 (0.92–2.97) | 1.36 (0.67–2.76) | 1.39 (0.68–2.82) |
Employment | ||||||
Working | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
paid leave | 7.00 (0.60–82.16) | 14.32 (0.81–52.26) | 14.32 (0.81–252.3) | 0.35 (0.08–1.57) | 0.45 (0.09–2.14) | 0.45 (0.09–2.14) |
Unpaid leave | - | - | - | - | - | - |
not working | 1.62 (0.53–4.97) | 3.55 (1.00–12.69) | 3.55 (1.00–12.69) | 0.67 (0.34–1.32) | 0.85 (0.39–1.88) | 0.85 (0.39–1.88) |
unemployed | 1.47 (0.40–5.45) | 3.49 (0.73–16.63) | 3.49 (0.73–16.63) | 0.52 (0.15–1.77) | 0.59 (0.16–2.16) | 0.59 (0.16–2.16) |
Pension | 0.28 (0.03–2.19) | - | - | 0.38 (0.15–1.00) | 0.72 (0.26–2.03) | 0.72 (0.26–2.03) |
Self-rated hlth 1(vg)-5(vp) | 0.42 (0.23–0.77) | 0.41 (0.19–0.89) | 0.37 (0.17–0.84) | 0.87 (0.59–1.28) | 0.95 (0.62–1.46) | 0.94 (0.61–1.45) |