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Table 3 Determinants of nothaving compulsory medical insurance, and of having supplementary (private) insurance – results of logistic regression analyses (RLMS: 2004, 18–59)

From: An analysis of trends and determinants of health insurance and healthcare utilisation in the Russian population between 2000 and 2004: the 'inverse care law' in action

 

Male

Female

 

(i) Age

(ii) Age, inc, educ, area, marital

(iii) = (ii) + employment status

(i) Age

(ii) Age, inc, educ, area, marital

(iii) = (ii) + employment status

 

NOT HAVING COMPULSORY INSURANCE (vs having insurance) – Odds ratio (95% CI)

Sex (female vs male)

-

-

-

0.49 (0.42–0.58)

0.46 (0.38–0.56)

0.47 (0.39–0.57)

Age (per year)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.99 (0.98–1.00)

0.99 (0.97–1.00)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.98 (0.97–1.00)

1.00 (0.98–1.01)

Education

      

1y/incomp 2ry

1

1

1

1

1

1

Comp 2ry

1.05 (0.81–1.36)

1.02 (0.77–1.34)

0.99 (0.74–1.31)

0.97 (0.67–1.40)

0.93 (0.63–1.39)

0.88 (0.59–1.31)

Higher

0.89 (0.66–1.21)

1.04 (0.74–1.45)

1.03 (0.73–1.45)

0.78 (0.54–1.13)

0.76 (0.51–1.15)

0.79 (0.51–1.20)

Hhld inc. pp quintile (asc.)

0.85 (0.79–0.92)

0.90 (0.83–0.98)

0.97 (0.89–1.07)

0.86 (0.78–0.95)

0.90 (0.81–1.00)

0.94 (0.84–1.05)

Nr consumer gds (0–5)

0.80 (0.74–0.86)

0.80 (0.73–0.88)

0.86 (0.78–0.94)

0.85 (0.77–0.93)

0.84 (0.75–0.95)

0.86 (0.76–0.97)

Marital status

      

Married

1

1

1

1

1

1

Single

0.72 (0.51–1.02)

0.73 (0.51–1.05)

0.74 (0.51–1.09)

0.48 (0.30–0.76)

0.42 (0.26–0.69)

0.41 (0.25–0.68)

Divorced

1.73 (1.12–2.67)

1.47 (0.92–2.33)

1.33 (0.82–2.15)

1.26 (0.82–1.95)

1.17 (0.75–1.85)

1.23 (0.77–1.95)

Widowed

3.03 (1.21–7.54)

1.90 (0.64–5.62)

2.12 (0.68–6.59)

1.63 (0.95–2.80)

1.29 (0.72–2.32)

1.41 (0.78–2.56)

Cohabiting

2.43 (1.81–3.24)

2.40 (1.78–3.24)

2.28 (1.68–3.10)

1.57 (1.07–2.30)

1.48 (0.99–2.22)

1.44 (0.95–2.18)

Area of residence

      

Urban

1

1

1

1

1

1

Rural

1.19 (0.94–1.51)

1.17 (0.91–1.50)

0.93 (0.71–1.21)

0.99 (0.72–1.37)

0.90 (0.64–1.26)

0.82 (0.58–1.15)

Moscow/St P

0.40 (0.26–0.63)

0.46 (0.29–0.75)

0.49 (0.30–0.80)

0.55 (0.33–0.90)

0.61 (0.35–1.06)

0.56 (0.32–0.98)

Employment status

      

Working

1

1

1

1

1

1

Paid leave

0.50 (0.07–3.71)

0.66 (0.52–0.84)

0.75 (0.58–0.97)

0.75 (0.30–1.88)

0.39 (0.12–1.28)

0.40 (0.12–1.28)

Not working

0.76 (0.53–1.10)

0.83 (0.54–1.27)

0.79 (0.52–1.21)

1.67 (1.16–2.42)

1.62 (1.08–2.46)

1.64 (1.08–2.48)

Unemployed (sr)

3.45 (2.66–4.45)

3.29 (2.47–4.40)

3.05 (2.27–4.10)

3.51 (2.43–5.08)

3.15 (2.12–4.68)

3.18 (2.13–4.75)

Pension

0.19 (0.06–0.59)

0.15 (0.04–0.61)

0.14 (0.03–0.57)

0.28 (0.11–0.69)

0.33 (0.13–0.83)

0.33 (0.13–0.84)

Self-rated hlth (vg -5(vp)

1.32 (1.11–1.56)

1.30 (1.09–1.56)

1.41 (1.17–1.70)

1.10 (0.88–1.38)

1.08 (0.85–1.37)

1.17 (0.91–1.49)

 

HAVING SUPPLEMENTARY (PRIVATE) INSURANCE (vs not having) Odds ratio (95% CI)

Sex (female vs male)

-

-

-

0.77 (0.60–1.00)

0.70 (0.53–.093)

0.75 (0.56–1.00)

Age (per year)

1.03 (1.02–1.04)

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

1.01 (0.99–1.03)

1.02 (1.00–1.03)

1.02 (1.00–1.04)

1.02 (1.00–1.04)

Education

      

1y/incomp 2ry

1

1

1

1

1

1

Comp 2ry

3.41 (1.73–6.72)

2.54 (1.27–5.09)

2.30 (1.15–4.59)

3.43 (1.45–8.15)

2.22 (0.91–5.44)

1.99 (0.81–4.90)

Higher

4.90 (2.46–9.75)

2.49 (1.22–5.07)

2.05 (1.01–4.16)

4.68 (2.01–10.87)

2.62 (1.10–6.27)

1.93 (0.80–4.65)

Hhld inc. pp quintile (asc.)

1.88 (1.58–2.24)

1.76 (1.46–2.12)

1.73 (1.43–2.09)

1.88 (1.56–2.25)

1.70 (1.40–2.07)

1.65 (1.35–2.02)

Nr consumer gds (0–5)

1.26 (1.09–1.46)

1.14 (0.97–1.34)

1.13 (0.96–1.34)

1.19 (1.03–1.37)

1.31 (1.10–1.55)

1.32 (1.10–1.58)

Marital status

      

Married

1

1

1

1

1

1

Single

0.31 (0.16–0.61)

0.38 (0.19–0.76)

0.63 (0.32–1.27)

0.98 (0.55–1.74)

1.25 (0.68–2.32)

1.62 (0.88–2.98)

Divorced

0.30 (0.10–0.96)

0.44 (0.14–1.43)

0.47 (0.14–1.52)

1.11 (0.64–1.94)

1.21 (0.64–2.27)

1.11 (0.59–2.12)

Widowed

0.61 (0.08–4.52)

0.81 (0.10–6.32)

0.99 (0.12–8.07)

0.40 (0.14–1.13)

0.69 (0.24–1.97)

0.70 (0.24–2.02)

Cohabiting

0.53 (0.28–1.01)

0.58 (0.30–1.13)

0.61 (0.31–1.17)

0.73 (0.37–1.44)

0.67 (0.30–1.51)

0.69 (0.31–1.56)

Area of residence

      

Urban

      

Rural

0.47 (0.27–0.82)

0.63 (0.36–1.12)

0.64 (0.36–1.13)

0.31 (0.15–0.66)

0.40 (0.19–0.85)

0.42 (0.20–0.90)

Moscow/St P

2.03 (1.32–3.12)

1.18 (0.73–1.91)

1.25 (0.77–2.04)

2.58 (1.69–3.92)

1.58 (0.98–2.56)

1.56 (0.96–2.55)

Employment status

      

Working

1

1

1

1

1

1

Paid leave

0.93 (0.12–7.01)

0.72 (0.48–1.09)

0.53 (0.07–4.09)

2.06 (1.05–4.05)

1.90 (0.86–4.15)

2.24 (0.99–5.04)

Not working

0.12 (0.04–0.37)

0.58 (0.08–4.42)

0.13 (0.03–0.57)

0.31 (0.15–0.64)

0.38 (0.17–0.87)

0.35 (0.15–0.83)

Unemployed (sr)

0.13 (0.04–0.42)

0.15 (0.03–0.63)

0.24 (0.07–0.79)

0.08 (0.01–0.57)

0.13 (0.02–0.93)

0.14 (0.02–1.03)

Pension

0.09 (0.01–0.68)

0.27 (0.08–0.89)

0.14 (0.02–1.06)

0.06 (0.01–0.46)

0.12 (0.02–0.85)

0.11 (0.02–0.84)

Self-rated hlth (vg -5(vp)

0.90 (0.67–1.21)

1.04 (0.76–1.44)

1.11 (0.79–1.55)

0.87 (0.64–1.20)

1.06 (0.74–1.51)

1.14 (0.79–1.65)

  1. [Results in bold are statistically significant (p < 0.05)]