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Table 4 Outcome measures of the process evaluation

From: Effects and feasibility of a standardised orientation and mobility training in using an identification cane for older adults with low vision: design of a randomised controlled trial

Variable

Measurement

Population reached

 

Target population and proportion of the intended target population

TI-Rp, SQt

General characteristics of the participants and trainers

Qt

Number of participants that refused, dropped out or completed the training

Qt

Reasons for withdrawal

Qt

Performance according to protocol

 

Format, preparation time and duration of the session

Qt

Per session component: extent to which carried out, duration and active participation by the participant*

Qt

Extent to which the trainer achieved to:

 

   - related to identification cane: provide information, raise the participant's awareness of its advantages, demonstrate the use and have the participant experience the use of the cane*

Qt

   - have the participant phrase his/her important activities related to mobility and how to perform activities safely and independently*

Qt

   - have the participant setting goals regarding an action plan*

Qt

   - teach orientation skills* and teach mobility skills*

Qt

Exposure and engagement

 

Total number of sessions

Qt

Use of materials*

TIp, Qt

Overall opinion of the trainer/participant regarding the participant's engagement in:

 

   - the training

TIp, Qt

   - formulating of an action plan and carrying out an action plan*

Qt

Exposure and adherence to homework

TIp

Extent to which the participant complied with contracts*

Qt

Quality of actions plans formulated by the participants*

Qt

Opinion on the training

 

Overall opinion on the training

TIp, Qt

Opinion regarding:

 

   - number, duration and course of the sessions

TIp, Qt

   - homework and comprehensibility of the complete training

TIp

   - number of extra training sessions needed

TIp, Qt

   - whether the O&M-training met the participant's need for mobility support

TIp, Qt

Usefulness regarding:

 

   - discussing mobility problems, receiving information on different kinds of canes and practicing with the identification cane

TIp

   - formulating an action plan and carrying out an action plan*

TIp

   - contracting with respect to formulating and carrying out action plans*

Tip

Burden experienced by the participant

TIp

Recommendation of the training to others

TIp

Overall opinion on the trainer

TIp, Qt

Perceived benefit or achievement

 

Benefit regarding:

 

   - the O&M-training

TIp

   - advantages of an identification cane and self-confidence

Qt

   - realistic action planning*

Qt

Use of identification cane in daily life

Qt

Achievement regarding:

 

   - identification cane: knowledge, aware of advantages and having experienced the cane

TIp

   - able to think how to perform an activity safely and independently

TIp

   - self-confidence and performance of an activity safely and independently

TIp

   - formulating a realistic action plan* and carrying out an action plan*

TIp

   - skills for orientation and skills for mobility

TIp

   - safe and independent participation outdoors

TIp, Qt

   - optimal use of personal capabilities

TIp, Qt

   - starting new activities and/or taking up former activities that were avoided due to the mobility problems

TIp, Qt

Experienced barriers and potential solutions

 

Deviations of each session component*

Qt

Main goal of contact - time spent on issues not related to O&M-training

Qt

Strong and weak aspects of the O&M-training

TIp, Qt

Hampering and stimulating factors for use of the standardised O&M-training*

Qt

Matters for improvement - materials and standardised O&M-training*

Qt

  1. * Assessed in the intervention group only.
  2. O&M-training = orientation and mobility training; TI-Rp = telephone interview prior to randomisation with the participant (as part of the screening process); SQt = starting questionnaire, i.e. questionnaire filled in by the trainer before training his/her first participant of the study; Qt = questionnaire filled in by the mobility trainer per participant; TIp = interview by telephone with the participant.