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Table 3 Outcome measures of the effect evaluation

From: Effects and feasibility of a standardised orientation and mobility training in using an identification cane for older adults with low vision: design of a randomised controlled trial

Variable

No. of items

Range*

Primary outcome measures

  

ADL self care (ADL subscale of the GARS) [40]

11

11 to 44

Distance activities and mobility (subscale of the VFQ) [41, 42]

8

8 to 40

Secondary outcome measures

  

Activities index (FAI) [43, 44]

15

15 to 60

Social support interactions SSL12-I [45]

12

12 to 48

Feelings of loneliness [46]

1

1 to 6

Health-related quality of life (EQ5D) [47]

5

5 to 15

Mental health and dependency (subscale of the VFQ) [41, 42]

6

6 to 30

Feelings of anxiety (HADS-A) [44, 48]

7

0 to 21

Symptoms of depression (HADS-D) [44, 48]

7

0 to 21

Concerns about falling (FES-I) [49, 50]

16

16 to 64

Fear of falling [46]

1

1 to 5

Activity avoidance due to fear of falling [46]

1

1 to 5

Number of indoor falls in the previous 6 months† [46]

1

1 to 6

Number of outdoor falls in the previous 6 months† [46]

1

1 to 6

  1. * The bold scores indicate the most favourable scores.
  2. † At FU1 and FU2 the number of falls between the previous and the current assessment is measured.
  3. ADL = activities of daily life; GARS = Groningen Activity Restriction Scale; VFQ = Visual Functioning Questionnaire; EQ5D = EuroQol 5 Dimensions; HADS-A = anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS-D = depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; FAI = Frenchay Activities Index; FES-I = falls efficacy scale international.