A retrospective study on the impact of comorbid depression or anxiety on healthcare resource use and costs among diabetic neuropathy patients

Table 2 pre-index clinical characteristics by insurance type and cohort

	Medicare supplemental insurance			Commercial insurance
	DN-only	DN-DA	p-value*	DN-only	DN-DA	p-value*
# Observations	16,831	1,699		17,205	3,105
Diabetes related complications and comorbidities (%)
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)	73.2	81.0	< 0.05	58.3	64.3	< 0.05
Cerebro/peripheral vascular disease (CPVD)	34.8	44.4	< 0.05	18.6	25.0	< 0.05
Other metabolic diseases	9.0	19.2	< 0.05	8.5	16.9	< 0.05
Nephropathy	7.5	10.4	< 0.05	7.0	8.6	< 0.05
Retinopathy	13.8	13.7	0.94	16.0	15.1	0.20
Hypoglycemic events	8.9	12.6	< 0.05	9.9	14.1	< 0.05
Skin problems	21.4	25.3	< 0.05	20.7	23.4	< 0.05
Infections related to diabetes	1.9	3.7	< 0.05	1.4	3.1	< 0.05
Obesity	1.3	3.1	< 0.05	3.8	9.2	< 0.05
Leg amputation	0.2	0.3	0.29	0.1	0.4	< 0.05
Anti-diabetic treatment (%)
No treatment	14.3	15.2	0.28	14.2	16.1	< 0.05
Insulin only	15.1	18.0	< 0.05	18.5	21.8	< 0.05
Oral antidiabetic agent only	49.5	44.6	< 0.05	41.2	33.4	< 0.05
Insulin with oral anti-diabetic therapy	21.1	22.1	0.34	26.2	28.7	< 0.05
Resource use and costs
% Patients with any hospitalization	28.0	46.0	< 0.05	20.1	35.7	< 0.05
Total diabetes-related healthcare expenditures^$ (mean, SD)	$3,823 ($11,783)	$7,384 ($21,727)	< 0.05	$6,102 ($18,252)	$10,580 ($29,887)	< 0.05
Total healthcare expenditures^$ (mean, SD)	$15,332 ($21,915)	$25,514 ($38,869)	< 0.05	$17,848 ($36,220)	$30,352 ($52,812)	< 0.05

Source: Thomson Medstat MarketScan database for patients with Medicare supplemental and commercial insurance (2004–2005)
* Student t-tests for continuous variables and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests for categorical variables were performed.
$ Expenditures were adjusted to 2006 dollars using the medical component of the consumer price index. SD = standard deviation.

ISSN: 1472-6963