|
# Observations
|
16,831
|
1,699
| |
17,205
|
3,105
| |
|
Diabetes related complications and comorbidities (%)
| | | | | | |
|
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)
|
73.2
|
81.0
|
< 0.05
|
58.3
|
64.3
|
< 0.05
|
|
Cerebro/peripheral vascular disease (CPVD)
|
34.8
|
44.4
|
< 0.05
|
18.6
|
25.0
|
< 0.05
|
|
Other metabolic diseases
|
9.0
|
19.2
|
< 0.05
|
8.5
|
16.9
|
< 0.05
|
|
Nephropathy
|
7.5
|
10.4
|
< 0.05
|
7.0
|
8.6
|
< 0.05
|
|
Retinopathy
|
13.8
|
13.7
|
0.94
|
16.0
|
15.1
|
0.20
|
|
Hypoglycemic events
|
8.9
|
12.6
|
< 0.05
|
9.9
|
14.1
|
< 0.05
|
|
Skin problems
|
21.4
|
25.3
|
< 0.05
|
20.7
|
23.4
|
< 0.05
|
|
Infections related to diabetes
|
1.9
|
3.7
|
< 0.05
|
1.4
|
3.1
|
< 0.05
|
|
Obesity
|
1.3
|
3.1
|
< 0.05
|
3.8
|
9.2
|
< 0.05
|
|
Leg amputation
|
0.2
|
0.3
|
0.29
|
0.1
|
0.4
|
< 0.05
|
|
Anti-diabetic treatment (%)
| | | | | | |
|
No treatment
|
14.3
|
15.2
|
0.28
|
14.2
|
16.1
|
< 0.05
|
|
Insulin only
|
15.1
|
18.0
|
< 0.05
|
18.5
|
21.8
|
< 0.05
|
|
Oral antidiabetic agent only
|
49.5
|
44.6
|
< 0.05
|
41.2
|
33.4
|
< 0.05
|
|
Insulin with oral anti-diabetic therapy
|
21.1
|
22.1
|
0.34
|
26.2
|
28.7
|
< 0.05
|
|
Resource use and costs
| | | | | | |
|
% Patients with any hospitalization
|
28.0
|
46.0
|
< 0.05
|
20.1
|
35.7
|
< 0.05
|
|
Total diabetes-related healthcare expenditures$ (mean, SD)
|
$3,823 ($11,783)
|
$7,384 ($21,727)
|
< 0.05
|
$6,102 ($18,252)
|
$10,580 ($29,887)
|
< 0.05
|
|
Total healthcare expenditures$ (mean, SD)
|
$15,332 ($21,915)
|
$25,514 ($38,869)
|
< 0.05
|
$17,848 ($36,220)
|
$30,352 ($52,812)
|
< 0.05
|
