Table 2 Descriptive statistics for selected variables, 1997–2002 (N = 373)
From: Incorporating health care quality into health antitrust law
Variable | Mean (st. deviation) | Minimum | Maximum |
|---|---|---|---|
Outcome measures | |||
Observed Mortality | 3.15 (1.60) | 0 | 12.1 |
Expected Mortality | 2.93 (1.03) | 0 | 6.89 |
Excess mortality | 0.213 (1.37) | -3.63 | 6.84 |
Market characteristics | |||
Market HHI | 0.0554 (0.185) | 0.0143 | 0.169 |
CABG HHI | 0.290 (0.225) | 0.057 | 1 |
HMO penetration | 0.512 (0.116) | 0.043 | 0.724 |
Ownership status | |||
County | 0.535% (07.30) | Â | Â |
District | 7.23% (25.9) | Â | Â |
Non-profit | 81.3% (39.1) | Â | Â |
Investor-owned | 11.0% (31.3) | Â | Â |
Hospital characteristics | |||
Teaching | 16.9% (37.5) | Â | Â |
System affiliation | 56.0% (49.7) | Â | Â |
CABG volume | 236.64 (197.40) | 15 | 1531 |
Staffed beds | 315.1 (153.63) | 0 | 875 |
Per capita income | 32.53 (9.21) | 17.51 | 69.35 |
% Medicare | 30.20 (16.76) | 0 | 84.86 |
% Medi-Cal | 12.71 (10.69) | 0 | 59.31 |
Time variables | |||
1997 | 13.7% (34.4) | Â | Â |
1998 | 19.8% (39.9) | Â | Â |
1999 | 17.4% (38.0) | Â | Â |
2000 | 16.6% (37.3) | Â | Â |
2001 | 16.6% (37.3) | Â | Â |
2002 | 15.8% (36.5) | Â | Â |