On the validity of area-based income measures to proxy household income

Table 3 Spearman's correlation, Kappa and weighted Kappa coefficients for the association between the area-based income measures and the household income measure

Area-based measure	Group	r_s	Kappa	Weighted Kappa
Actual household-level income	All	0.322	0.055	0.322
	Non-seniors	0.316	0.054	0.315
	Seniors	0.382	0.060	0.382
Best-case Scenario (including non-registrants)	All	0.469	0.260	0.469
	Non-seniors	0.497	0.309	0.496
	Seniors	0.420	0.113	0.420

Note: r_s = Spearman's correlation coefficient.
In Best-Case Scenario, non-registered households are assigned a hypothetical household-level income decile that is identical to their area-based measure.

ISSN: 1472-6963