Table 1 Patient Education Strategies Related to Warfarin and Anticoagulation

Menendez-Jandula et al¹³ 2005 Barcelona, Spain RCT

To prove the value of self-management on INR control and clinical outcomes

5–8 patients and option of having family member present

Specially trained nurse

2 sessions of 2 hours on consecutive days Based on German model

Koertke et al¹⁴ 2005¹ Westphalia, Germany Program description

To describe the principles of a training course to learn INR self-management

Not more than 5 patients

Not stated

Welcome period Two phase (hospital, 6 months later) Average duration 3–4 hours (1.5 for theoretical and 1.5 for device handling)

Voller et al¹⁵ 2004¹ Westphalia, Germany Program description

To evaluate the effects of a training program on patient knowledge

2–5 patients

Not stated

Two half day sessions 2–7 days apart. Patient logbook

Khan et al¹⁶ 2004 Newcastle, U.K. RCT

To prove the value of education and self-monitoring on INR control and quality of life

2–3 patients

Led by physician

1 two hour educational session

Gadisseur et al¹⁷ 2003 Leiden, Netherlands RCT

To examine effects of self-management on quality of life

4–5 patients

Specialized teams of physicians and nurses

3 weekly sessions of 90–120 minutes

Singla et al¹⁸ 2003 Philadelphia, U.S. Cohort Survey

To examine effects of group education on knowledge

11 persons

Pharmacist or nurse

1 one hour session

Amruso¹⁹ 2003 Tampa, U.S. Program description

To examine effects of group education on knowledge

One-on-one

Chain pharmacy pharmacist

Ongoing monthly appointments

Beyth et al²⁰ 2000 San Francisco, U.S. RCT

To prove the value of self-management

One-on-one

Lay educator

Specifically formatted workbook. Coaching on communication skills. Self monitoring

Morsdorf et al²¹ 1999 Saarland, Germany Program description

To examine the efficiency of patient training for self-management

4–6 patients

Single MD\Single instructor

4 theoretical and 2–6 practical sessions Video assisted demonstrations

Foss et al²² 1999 Denver, U.S. Program description

To describe the efficiencies of a high-volume anticoagulation clinic

Not more than 6 patients

Pharm D

1 hour slide presentation

Sawicki et al²³ 1999 Dusseldorf, Germany RCT

To prove effect of self management on accuracy of control and quality of life

3–6 patients

Physicians and nurses

3 consecutive weekly teaching sessions of 60 to 90 minutes in duration

Stone et al²⁴ 1989 Worcester, U.S. RCT

To examine the effect of videotape on knowledge

One-on-one

Nurse

15 minute videotape compared with 25 minute nurse lecture

Scalley et al²⁵ 1979 San Antonio, U.S. Program description

To develop a program for patient education

One-on-one

Pharmacist or nurse

Average 30 minutes. Slide presentation and booklet. Checklist of learning objectives placed in patient's chart