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Table 1 Characteristics of research participants by users and nonusers of ongoing services

From: Factors contributing to attrition behavior in diabetes self-management programs: A mixed method approach

Characteristic

Overall (N = 267) % (n) or Mean (± SD)

Users (n = 149) % or Mean (± SD)

Nonusers (n = 118) % or Mean (± SD)

P-value

Sex

   

0.163

   Male

46.1 (123)

42.3

50.8

 

   Female

53.9 (144)

57.7

49.2

 

Age continuous (years)

57.9 (± 11.8)

58.66 (± 10.9)

56.80 (± 12.8)

0.180

Age categories

   

0.035

   ≤ 49

24.3 (65)

18.8

31.4

 

   50–64

45.3 (121)

51.0

38.1

 

   ≥ 65

30.3 (81)

30.2

30.5

 

Primary language spoken

   

0.000

   English

42.3 (113)

31.5

55.9

 

   Cantonese

39.3 (105)

47.0

29.7

 

   Portuguese

18.4 (49)

21.5

14.4

 

Marital status

   

0.074

   Single/never married/divorced/widowed

27.0 (70)

23.3

31.9

 

   Married/living with partner

73.0 (189)

76.7

68.1

 

Education

   

0.002

   < Grade 9

48.3 (128)

56.8

43.2

 

   Some high school and up

51.7 (137)

37.6

46.7

 

Household Income

48,900 (± 15,400)

49,000 (± 12,800)

48,800.00 (± 19,100)

0.070

Primary daily activity

   

0.000

   Employed full or part-time

39.8 (106)

26.8

56.4

 

   Unemployed

32.0 (85)

39.6

22.2

 

   Retired

28.2 (75)

33.6

21.4

 

Time since diagnosis (years)

3.0 (0.25, 10)a

4.0 (0.25, 10)a

3.0 (0.25, 10.0)a

0.56

Age of diagnosis (years)

51 (± 11.54)

52.38 (± 11.4)

50.96 (± 12.1)

0.34

Type of medical management

   

0.03

   Medical nutrition therapy

25.4 (67)

19.5

33.0

 

   Oral agents

64.0 (169)

70.5

55.7

 

   Insulin

10.6 (28)

10.1

11.3

 

Referral

   

0.895

   Primary care physician

47.7 (126)

49.0

46.2

 

   Diabetes specialist/endocrinologist

27.3 (72)

27.2

27.4

 

   Self

4.2 (11)

3.4

5.1

 

   Other

20.8 (55)

20.4

21.4

 

Have a regular primary care physician

   

0.019

   Yes

87.7 (228)

83.4

93.0

 

   No

12.3 (32)

16.6

7.0

 

Number of contacts

1.0 (0, 3.00)a

8.0 (5.0, 12.50)a

2.0 (1.0, 2.0)a

0.000

Number of diabetes symptoms

1.73 (0.0, 3.0)a

2.0 (0.0, 3.0)a

1.0 (0.0, 2.0)a

0.000

BMI (kg/m2)

30.78 (± 6.5)

30.7 (± 6.74)

30.9 (± 6.21)

0.793

Distance from patients' residence to centre in KM

5.6 (2.8, 13.1)a

5.25 (2.5, 10.0)a

6.9 (3.2,16.9)a

0.084

  1. Note: Some percentages may not add up to 100% due to missing data; SD = Standard deviations;
  2. aMedian and interquartile range
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BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

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