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Table 2 Physician emigration fraction, by university (quintile) rank

From: Quality of medical training and emigration of physicians from India

 

Emigration Fraction (Based on Student Choice-Based Ranking) USA

Emigration Fraction (Publications per Undergraduate)

 

USA

UK

USA

UK

Ranking/Quintiles weighted by Seats

Overall

Graduates Before 1985

Overall

Graduates Before 1985

Overall

Graduates Before 1985

Overall

Graduates Before 1985

I(lowest)

2.16

(2.04, 2.29)

2.50

(2.35, 2.66)

1.89

(1.77, 2.00)

1.45

(1.32, 1.57)

5.05

(4.87, 5.22)

5.72

(5.48, 5.96)

2.66

(2.53, 2.79)

1.34

(1.22, 1.47)

II

4.02

(3.87, 4.18)

3.62

(3.42, 3.82)

5.85

(5.66, 6.03)

2.14

(1.99, 2.30)

5.02

(4.87, 5.17)

5.95

(5.76, 6.14)

2.17

(2.06, 2.27)

2.00

(1.88, 2.12)

III

8.18

(8.02, 8.35)

8.63

(8.44, 8.82)

7.35

(7.20, 7.51)

5.16

(5.00, 5.32)

7.78

(7.66, 7.90)

6.89

(6.73, 7.05)

6.37

(6.26, 6.48)

4.88

(4.74, 5.02)

IV

8.85

(8.68, 9.01)

9.79 (9.57,10.00)

6.64

(6.49, 6.78)

6.29

(6.11, 6.47)

7.90

(7.75, 8.04)

8.60

(8.42, 8.77)

4.39

(4.28, 4.51)

3.06

(2.95, 3.17)

V(highest)

8.67

(8.47, 8.86)

7.99

(7.77, 8.22)

5.54

(5.37, 5.71)

3.02

(2.87, 3.17)

11.23 (11.05,11.41)

10.97 (10.77,11.18)

5.69

(5.55, 5.83)

4.59

(4.44, 4.73)

Total

7.08

(7.01, 7.16)

7.41

(7.32, 7.51)

5.89

(5.82, 5.97)

4.16

(4.09, 4.24)

7.85

(7.78, 7.92)

8.04

(7.95, 8.12)

4.81

(4.75, 4.86)

3.55

(3.49, 3.61)

Number of Universities

56

52

56

52

64

63

64

63

  1. Note: University quintile ranks range from I (the lowest) to V (the highest). Quintile rankings of specific Universities are dependent on the method of ranking used; the rank of a university is mapped from information for its constituent colleges on the relevant criterion (publications, student choices, or specialty and sub-specialty seats per undergraduate student). Because of the re-organization of universities after 1985, and some break-up of universities into smaller ones prior to 1985, university-wise quintile rankings were constructed as follows. First, the "original" undivided universities prior to 1985 were ranked in quintiles, separately by each of the two criteria (publications and student preference-based choices). The number of medical college graduates and emigrants up to 1985 were assigned to these quintiles, and the appropriate emigration fractions calculated. This yielded the emigration factors in columns 3 and 5. For calculating "overall" emigration fractions for universities over the entire 1955–2002 period (reported in columns 2 and 4), we ranked universities in the post-1985 period using the same classification range as for the pre-1985 period, and calculated the corresponding numbers of medical graduate and emigrants in the post-1985 period. The two groups (pre-1985 and post-1985) of graduates and emigrants were then combined to calculate the overall emigration fractions for the period 1955–2002. Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square test for trend p value < 0.0001; 95% confidence intervals are indicated in parentheses. Student preference-based choices were available for 93 public sector medical colleges, of which 92 were founded before 1998; Peer-reviewed publications data were available for 107 medical colleges (public and private); and specialty and sub-specialty seat data for all medical colleges, public or private.
  2. The emigration fraction (F) was calculated as F = E U S G − E U K MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGaemOrayKaeyypa0tcfa4aaSaaaeaacqWGfbqrdaWgaaqaaiabdwfavjabdofatbqabaaabaGaem4raCKaeyOeI0Iaemyrau0aaSbaaeaacqWGvbqvcqWGlbWsaeqaaaaaaaa@37AE@ , where E US is the cumulative number of graduates who migrated to the United States, G is the cumulative number of medical graduates and E UK is the cumulative number of medical graduates who migrated to the United Kingdom.
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BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

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