Characteristics | All study participants | Normo-albuminuric | Micro-albuminuric | Macro-albuminuric | P*** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | N = 581 | n = 371 | n = 158 | n = 52 | Â |
Age (years) | 61.0 (9.5) | 60.3 (9.9) | 62.3 (8.8) | 61.7 (8.5) | 0.0859 |
Men (%) | 60.6 | 56.3 | 63.3 | 82.7 | 0.0009 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 9.5 (8.3) | 8.3 (7.5) | 11.3 (9.1) | 13.2 (9.4) | < 0.0001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.8 (5.3) | 30.6 (5.2) | 31.0 (5.3) | 31.1 (6.4) | 0.6640 |
Waist-hip ratio | 0.95 (0.08) | 0.94 (0.07) | 0.96 (0.08) | 0.97 (0.08) | 0.0005 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 105.2 (12.8) | 104.1 (12.4) | 106.8 (13.4) | 108.5 (13.0) | 0.0129 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 140.0 (21.7) | 135.2 (19.4) | 145.6 (21.1) | 157.7 (26.0) | < 0.0001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 80.8 (10.9) | 79.9 (10.5) | 82.0 (11.4) | 83.7 (11.5) | 0.0158 |
Regular smoker (%) | 13.9 | 12.4 | 15.2 | 21.2 | 0.2023 |
Physical inactivity (%) | 57.3 | 56.6 | 57.0 | 63.5 | 0.6415 |
Alcohol intake 0 g/day (%) | 41.3 | 40.7 | 39.9 | 50.0 | 0.4380 |
0.1–39.9 (men) 0.1–19.9 (women) (%) | 45.3 | 46.1 | 47.5 | 32.7 |  |
≥ 40 g/day (men) ≥ 20 g/day (women) (%) | 13.4 | 13.2 | 12.7 | 17.3 |  |
History of cardiovascular events (%) | 27.7 | 25.3 | 29.8 | 38.5 | 0.1124 |
HbA1c (%) | 7.3 (1.4) | 7.1 (1.2) | 7.5 (1.6) | 8.1 (1.8) | < 0.0001 |
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)* | 1.04 (1.33) | 0.99 (1.24) | 1.09 (1.43) | 1.26 (1.47) | < 0.0001 |
GFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2)** | 71.6 (18.9) | 73.7 (16.9) | 69.5 (21.0) | 63.2 (22.2) | 0.0002 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 207.4 (42.2) | 203.7 (39.6) | 212.5 (44.7) | 218.2 (49.9) | 0.0139 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 129.0 (30.7) | 126.3 (28.2) | 132.7 (32.8) | 137.2 (37.9) | 0.0109 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 50.0 (14.8) | 50.5 (13.9) | 49.3 (17.1) | 48.4 (13.5) | 0.5150 |
Serum uric acid (mg/dl) | 5.7 (1.6) | 5.5 (1.4) | 6.0 (1.7) | 6.3 (1.9) | < 0.0001 |