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Table 1 Clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters in all study participants and diabetic participants with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria

From: Albuminuria, cardiovascular risk factors and disease management in subjects with type 2 diabetes: a cross sectional study

Characteristics

All study participants

Normo-albuminuric

Micro-albuminuric

Macro-albuminuric

P***

N

N = 581

n = 371

n = 158

n = 52

 

Age (years)

61.0 (9.5)

60.3 (9.9)

62.3 (8.8)

61.7 (8.5)

0.0859

Men (%)

60.6

56.3

63.3

82.7

0.0009

Duration of diabetes (years)

9.5 (8.3)

8.3 (7.5)

11.3 (9.1)

13.2 (9.4)

< 0.0001

BMI (kg/m2)

30.8 (5.3)

30.6 (5.2)

31.0 (5.3)

31.1 (6.4)

0.6640

Waist-hip ratio

0.95 (0.08)

0.94 (0.07)

0.96 (0.08)

0.97 (0.08)

0.0005

Waist circumference (cm)

105.2 (12.8)

104.1 (12.4)

106.8 (13.4)

108.5 (13.0)

0.0129

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

140.0 (21.7)

135.2 (19.4)

145.6 (21.1)

157.7 (26.0)

< 0.0001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

80.8 (10.9)

79.9 (10.5)

82.0 (11.4)

83.7 (11.5)

0.0158

Regular smoker (%)

13.9

12.4

15.2

21.2

0.2023

Physical inactivity (%)

57.3

56.6

57.0

63.5

0.6415

Alcohol intake 0 g/day (%)

41.3

40.7

39.9

50.0

0.4380

0.1–39.9 (men) 0.1–19.9 (women) (%)

45.3

46.1

47.5

32.7

 

≥ 40 g/day (men) ≥ 20 g/day (women) (%)

13.4

13.2

12.7

17.3

 

History of cardiovascular events (%)

27.7

25.3

29.8

38.5

0.1124

HbA1c (%)

7.3 (1.4)

7.1 (1.2)

7.5 (1.6)

8.1 (1.8)

< 0.0001

Serum creatinine (mg/dl)*

1.04 (1.33)

0.99 (1.24)

1.09 (1.43)

1.26 (1.47)

< 0.0001

GFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2)**

71.6 (18.9)

73.7 (16.9)

69.5 (21.0)

63.2 (22.2)

0.0002

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

207.4 (42.2)

203.7 (39.6)

212.5 (44.7)

218.2 (49.9)

0.0139

LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

129.0 (30.7)

126.3 (28.2)

132.7 (32.8)

137.2 (37.9)

0.0109

HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

50.0 (14.8)

50.5 (13.9)

49.3 (17.1)

48.4 (13.5)

0.5150

Serum uric acid (mg/dl)

5.7 (1.6)

5.5 (1.4)

6.0 (1.7)

6.3 (1.9)

< 0.0001

  1. Data are means (± SD) unless otherwise indicated. Cardiovascular events include acute myocardial infarction or stroke
  2. * geometric mean
  3. **estimated from the MDRD equation
  4. ***p-value for differences between type 2 diabetes subjects with normo-, micro- and macroalbuminuria