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Table 1 Summary of key elements within SDM definitions based on the work by Makoul and Clayman (2005) [10]

From: Advancing theories, models and measurement for an interprofessional approach to shared decision making in primary care: a study protocol

Essential elements

Ideal elements

General qualities

• Definition/explanation of problem

• Presentation of options

• Discussion of pros/cons (benefits/risks/costs)

• Explication of patient values/preferences

• Discussion of patient ability/self-efficacy

• Presentation of doctor knowledge/recommendations

• Checking/clarifying understanding

• Making or explicitly deferring decision

• Arranging follow-up

• Presentation of unbiased information

• Definition of roles (desire for involvement)

• Presentation of evidence

• Reaching mutual agreement

• Deliberation/negotiation Flexibility/individualized approach

• Information exchange

• Involves at least two people

• Middle ground

• Mutual respect

• Partnership

• Patient education

• Patient participation

• Process/stages