Essential elements | Ideal elements | General qualities |
---|---|---|
• Definition/explanation of problem • Presentation of options • Discussion of pros/cons (benefits/risks/costs) • Explication of patient values/preferences • Discussion of patient ability/self-efficacy • Presentation of doctor knowledge/recommendations • Checking/clarifying understanding • Making or explicitly deferring decision • Arranging follow-up | • Presentation of unbiased information • Definition of roles (desire for involvement) • Presentation of evidence • Reaching mutual agreement | • Deliberation/negotiation Flexibility/individualized approach • Information exchange • Involves at least two people • Middle ground • Mutual respect • Partnership • Patient education • Patient participation • Process/stages |