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Table 3 Categories of empowerment practices (attitudes and interventions)

From: Empowerment interventions, knowledge translation and exchange: perspectives of home care professionals, clients and caregivers

1. Contributing to the therapeutic relationship

â–ª Listens actively

â–ª Shows interest

â–ª Acts with compassion, warmth, honesty, respect and empathy

â–ª Uses appropriate, easy to understand and vivid language, uses humour when needed

2. Building on the person's point of view and strengths

â–ª Encourages the expression of expectations, needs, hopes, questions, objectives, difficulties...

â–ª Encourages the identification of own strengths, prior solutions used

â–ª Gives the person sufficient time to express himself or herself

â–ª Identifies and values the person's strengths (expertise, solutions, results obtained, etc.)

â–ª Expresses his or her availability and maintains continuity of care

3. Encouraging and supporting the decision-making process

â–ª Invites the person to decide which needs or problems will be the focus of the intervention, the objectives to be pursued, whether or not to accept the help offered and the solutions and resources proposed

â–ª Provides the necessary information for decision-making, accepts the decision taken and adapts the intervention when needed

â–ª Adjusts to each person's rhythm

4. Helping to broaden the person's possibilities

â–ª Informs

â–ª Counsels

â–ª Reflects

â–ª Normalizes

â–ª Reframes

â–ª Invites the person to question himself or herself

â–ª Facilitates access to diverse resources

5. Facilitating the learning experience

â–ª Facilitates attempts to try new ways of doing things or change attitudes

â–ª Teaches by using real situations and examples