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Table 4 Ordered probit estimation results on happiness and life satisfaction by gender

From: The value of health

 

All

Men

Women

 

Happiness

Life satisfaction

Happiness

Life satisfaction

Happiness

Life satisfaction

Control variables

Male

-0.066* (0.029)

-0.089** (0.027)

    

Log income

0.162** (0.026)

0.212** (0.024)

0.181** (0.039)

0.257** (0.035)

0.149** (0.035)

0.174** (0.032)

Age

-0.046** (0.005)

-0.036** (0.005)

-0.046** (0.007)

-0.043** (0.007)

-0.046** (0.007)

-0.031** (0.006)

Age2/100

0.039** (0.005)

0.035** (0.005)

0.041** (0.007)

0.041** (0.007)

0.038** (0.007)

0.029** (0.006)

Marital status

0.457** (0.036)

0.289** (0.033)

0.485** (0.055)

0.301** (0.049)

0.421** (0.048)

0.280** (0.044)

Urban area

-0.000 (0.011)

0.019 (0.010)

-0.004 (0.017)

0.007 (0.015)

0.003 (0.015)

0.027* (0.014)

Disease category variables

Disease 1

-0.197** (0.034)

-0.220** (0.031)

-0.180** (0.051)

-0.175** (0.046)

-0.204** (0.045)

-0.252** (0.042)

Disease 2

-0.142** (0.042)

-0.137** (0.038)

-0.177** (0.062)

-0.135** (0.056)

-0.115* (0.057)

-0.137** (0.053)

Disease 3

-0.153 (0.092)

-0.280** (0.085)

-0.240 (0.126)

-0.243* (0.115)

-0.049 (0.137)

-0.304* (0.127)

Disease 4

-0.109* (0.044)

-0.096* (0.040)

-0.191** (0.067)

-0.129* (0.061)

-0.049 (0.058)

-0.071 (0.054)

Disease 5

-0.099** (0.030)

-0.067* (0.027)

-0.084* (0.043)

-0.043 (0.039)

-0.114** (0.041)

-0.088* (0.038)

Disease 6

-0.158** (0.041)

-0.272** (0.038)

-0.169** (0.067)

-0.221** (0.061)

-0.154** (0.053)

-0.297** (0.049)

Disease 7

-0.216** (0.038)

-0.192** (0.035)

-0.240** (0.069)

-0.283** (0.063)

-0.199* (0.046)

-0.150** (0.042)

Disease 8

-0.100 (0.074)

-0.010 (0.069)

0.006 (0.108)

-0.006 (0.098)

-0.189 (0.103)

-0.012 (0.096)

Disease 9

0.031 (0.061)

-0.059 (0.056)

0.128 (0.090)

0.032 (0.081)

-0.064 (0.083)

-0.143 (0.077)

Location points

α1

-2.345** (0.293)

-0.601* (0.261)

-2.084** (0.438)

-0.217 (0.385)

-2.497** (0.395)

-0.869* (0.356)

α2

-1.500** (0.286)

0.063 (0.261)

-1.252** (0.427)

0.405 (0.385)

-1.638** (0.387)

-0.167 (0.355)

α3

-0.802** (0.285)

1.552** (0.261)

-0.572 (0.426)

1.975** (0.386)

-0.922* (0.385)

1.255** (0.356)

α4

1.392** (0.285)

2.783** (0.262)

1.732** (0.426)

3.193** (0.387)

1.180** (0.386)

2.499** (0.357)

#observations

6866

6874

3291

3294

3575

3580

McFadden R2

0.044

0.032

0.041

0.030

0.048

0.035

  1. * significant at 5% level; ** significant at 1% level. Disease category 1: serious back problems, wear out of the joints, arthritis, problems with neck or shoulder and problems with elbow, wrist or hand; Disease category 2: diabetes, high blood pressure and stricture of blood vessels; Disease category 3: stroke, heart attack and heart problems; Disease category 4: diarrhea and vomiting; Disease category 5: asthma, bronchitis, cold or influenza and acute bronchitis; Disease category 6: cancer, serious intestine problems, other long term disease and infection of kidney or bladder; Disease category 7: migraine, dizziness with falling and involuntary incontinence; Disease category 8: ear infection and ulcer; Disease category 9: psoriasis and chronic eczema.