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Table 1 Characteristics of 998 adults with diabetes with and without heart failure (HF)

From: Relationship of literacy and heart failure in adults with diabetes

Characteristic

All Subjects (n = 998)

Subjects with HF (n = 172)

Subjects without HF (n = 826)

P

Age, years, mean (range)

65 (22–93)

69 (45–90)

64 (22–93)

<0.001

Age ≥ 65 years, n (%)

524 (53)

114 (66)

410 (50)

<0.001

Female, n (%)

543 (54)

84 (49)

459 (56)

0.11

White race, n (%)

968 (97)

165 (96)

803 (97)

0.48

Married or living as married, n (%)

623 (63)

96 (56)

527 (64)

0.06

Annual income < $30,000, n (%)

543 (59)

120 (75)

423 (56)

<0.001

High School Graduate, n (%)

746 (75)

102 (60)

644 (78)

<0.001

No health insurance, n (%)

24 (2)

3 (2)

21 (3)

0.54

Limited Literacy, n (%)

171 (17)

46 (27)

125 (15)

<0.001

Adequate Literacy, n (%)

827 (83)

126 (73)

701 (85)

<0.001

  1. Limited Literacy includes those with Short Test of Functional Health Literacy Score < 23, blind or otherwise unable to complete the test.