Table 2 Characteristics of included studies
From: HEE-GER: a systematic review of German economic evaluations of health care published 1990–2004
1990–1998 (n = 87) | 1999–2004 (n = 196) | 1990–2004 (n = 283) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. (%) studies | No. (%) studies | No. (%) studies | ||||
By study type | ||||||
Cost minimization | 16 | (18.4) | 23 | (11.7) | 39 | (13.8) |
Cost consequence | 13 | (14.9) | 34 | (17.4) | 47 | (16.6) |
Cost effectiveness (life years gained) | 17 | (19.5) | 35 | (17.9) | 52 | (18.4) |
Cost effectiveness (clinical outcome) | 38 | (43.7) | 88 | (44.9) | 126 | (44.5) |
Cost utility | 3 | (3.5) | 15 | (7.7) | 18 | (6.4) |
Cost benefit | 0 | (0) | 1 | (0.5) | 1 | (0.4) |
By study design | ||||||
Alongside RCT | 3 | (3.5) | 31 | (15.8) | 34 | (12.0) |
Modeling study | 53 | (60.9) | 101 | (51.5) | 154 | (54.4) |
Combination RCT/Modeling | 3 | (3.5) | 15 | (7.7) | 18 | (6.4) |
Observational | 28 | (32.2) | 49 | (25.0) | 77 | (27.2) |
By study perspective (as stated by authors) | ||||||
Not stated | 51 | (58.6) | 75 | (38.3) | 126 | (44.5) |
Third party payer (e.g., insurance) | 32 | (36.8) | 83 | (42.4) | 115 | (40.6) |
Societal | 4 | (4.6) | 24 | (12.2) | 28 | (9.9) |
Other (mainly 'patients')* | 0 | (0) | 14 | (7.1) | 14 | (5.0) |
By disease category (ICD-9 category heading) | ||||||
Circulatory system | 22 | (25.3) | 35 | (17.9) | 57 | (20.1) |
Neoplasms | 13 | (14.9) | 23 | (11.7) | 36 | (12.7) |
Infectious and parasitic | 12 | (13.8) | 20 | (10.2) | 32 | (11.3) |
Nervous system and sense organs | 4 | (4.6) | 20 | (10.2) | 24 | (8.5) |
Endocrine, nutritional, metabolic | 7 | (8.1) | 15 | (7.7) | 22 | (7.8) |
Other* | 29 | (33.3) | 83 | (42.3) | 112 | (39.6) |
By level of care | ||||||
Curative | 63 | (72.4) | 148 | (75.5) | 211 | (74.6) |
Rehabilitative | 2 | (2.3) | 6 | (3.1) | 8 | (2.8) |
Preventive | 22 | (25.3) | 42 | (21.4) | 64 | (22.6) |
By intervention type | ||||||
Pharmaceutical | 49 | (56.3) | 96 | (49.0) | 145 | (51.2) |
Medical procedure | 6 | (6.9) | 38 | (19.4) | 44 | (15.6) |
Screening | 12 | (13.8) | 16 | (8.2) | 28 | (9.9) |
Other* | 20 | (23.0) | 46 | (23.5) | 66 | (23.3) |