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Table 4 Changes in processes of diabetes care

From: Improving organisational systems for diabetes care in Australian Indigenous communities

Process items

Scheduled interval (months)

Baseline (n = 295)

Year 1 (n = 253)

Year 2 (n = 252)

Risk Ratios (95% CI)† Year 1 vs baseline

Risk Ratios (95% CI)† Year 2 vs baseline

  

% of patients receiving services (95%CI)

  

Basic measurement

      

   Weight

3

47 (41, 53)

43 (37, 49)

61 (54, 67)

0.90 (0.72, 1.10)

1.34 (1.14, 1.52)

   Height

Any time

32 (27, 38)

48 (42, 55)

71 (65, 76)

1.61 (1.30, 1.91)

2.35 (2.08, 2.56)

   BMI

12

16 (12, 21)

21 (16, 26)

46 (40, 53)

1.24 (0.84, 1.76)

3.09 (2.36, 3.82)

   Waist circumference

3

23 (18, 28)

28 (23, 34)

54 (48, 60)

1.28 (0.92, 1.70)

2.42 (2.00, 2.82)

   BP

3

63 (57, 69)

63 (56, 68)

76 (71, 82)

0.94 (0.76, 1.10)

1.27 (1.13, 1.37)

Eye check

      

   Visual acuity

12

40 (35, 46)

42 (36, 48)

58 (52, 65)

1.06 (0.83, 1.31)

1.49 (1.26, 1.71)

   Cataracts

12

28 (23, 34)

35 (29, 41)

24 (19, 30)

1.31 (0.97, 1.68)

0.80 (0.58, 1.08)

   Fundi (dilated pupils)

12

34 (29, 40)

36 (30, 42)

30 (25, 37)

1.10 (0.83, 1.39)

0.90 (0.68, 1.15)

   Ophthalmologist review

24

34 (29, 40)

41 (34, 47)

54 (48, 61)

1.28 (0.99, 1.57)

1.68 (1.39, 1.95)

Feet check

      

   Check done

3

20 (16, 25)

24 (19, 29)

58 (51, 64)

1.23 (0.84, 1.72)

3.01 (2.52, 3.47)

   Sensation

3

9 (6, 13)

12 (8, 16)

48 (41, 54)

1.49 (0.87, 2.46)

5.81 (4.43, 7.16)

   Peripheral pulses

3

8 (5, 12)

13 (9, 17)

48 (42, 54)

1.79 (1.05, 2.92)

6.61 (5.00, 8.17)

   Pressure areas

3

7 (5, 11)

11 (7, 16)

44 (38, 51)

1.78 (0.99, 3.06)

6.96 (5.10, 8.85)

   Infections

3

8 (6, 12)

12 (8, 17)

27 (22, 33)

1.64 (0.95, 2.69)

3.56 (2.39, 5.03)

Laboratory investigations

      

   BSL (finger prick or venous)

3

61 (55, 67)

51 (44, 57)

69 (63, 74)

0.76 (0.60, 0.92)

1.13 (0.97, 1.27)

   HbA1c

6

41 (35, 47)

61 (55, 67)

74 (68, 80)

1.54 (1.31, 1.75)

1.93 (1.71, 2.10)

   Total cholesterol

12

56 (50, 62)

70 (64, 76)

74 (68, 79)

1.29 (1.13, 1.42)

1.36 (1.20, 1.49)

   Urine – Dipstix

3

20 (15, 25)

24 (19, 30)

48 (42, 55)

1.29 (0.93, 1.74)

2.66 (2.15, 3.16)

   Creatinine

12

65 (59, 71)

68 (62, 74)

74 (69, 80)

1.03 (0.88, 1.16)

1.15 (1.02, 1.26)

   ACR

12

54 (48, 59)

54 (47, 60)

61 (55, 67)

0.99 (0.80, 1.16)

1.15 (0.99, 1.31)

Counselling/advice

      

   Diet

3

15 (11, 19)

23 (18, 29)

36 (30, 42)

1.73 (1.17, 2.45)

2.54 (1.90, 3.26)

   Activity

3

13 (9, 17)

22 (17, 27)

37 (31, 43)

1.82 (1.21, 2.62)

2.97 (2.20, 3.83)

   Smoking

3

10 (7, 14)

21 (16, 26)

30 (25, 37)

2.30 (1.50, 3.36)

3.21 (2.24, 4.37)

   Alcohol

3

9 (6, 13)

21 (16, 27)

33 (27, 39)

2.59 (1.67, 3.82)

3.78 (2.64, 5.11)

   Diabetes medications

3

10 (7, 14)

26 (21, 32)

36 (30, 42)

2.95 (1.94, 4.20)

3.65 (2.63, 4.82)

Immunisations

      

   Influenza vaccination

12

54 (48, 59)

47 (41, 53)

83 (78, 87)

0.83 (0.65, 1.01)

1.63 (1.50, 1.72)

   Pneumococcal vaccination

5 yrs

73 (68, 78)

72 (66, 77)

80 (74, 85)

0.91 (0.73, 1.06)

1.10 (0.99, 1.18)

  1. † Calculated by using multilevel logistic regression models with adjustment for health centre clustering and repeated measurements within the same individuals, and by converting odds ratios into risk ratios using a published formula. Risk ratios significant at 0.05 level are shown in bold.