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Table 1 Baseline patient characteristics by attainment of 6-month clinical performance targets

From: Attainment of clinical performance targets and improvement in clinical outcomes and resource use in hemodialysis care: a prospective cohort study

Characteristic

Albumin Target Attained (N = 650)

Ca-P Product Target Attained (N = 648)

Hemoglobin Target Attained (N = 644)

Dialysis Dose Target Attained (N = 539)

Access Target Attained (N = 425)

Total Number of Targets Attained (N = 344)

 

No

Yes

P*

No

Yes

P*

No

Yes

P*

No

Yes

P*

No

Yes

P*

0–1

2

3

4–5

P*

N (%)

451 (69)

199 (31)

--

250 (39)

398 (61)

--

256 (40)

388 (60)

--

95 (18)

444 (82)

--

310 (73)

115 (27)

--

40 (12)

116 (33)

117 (34)

71 (21)

--

Demographic

                    

Mean age

60.4 ± 13.6

56.9 ± 15.7

0.005

56.3 ± 13.8

61.1 ± 14.3

<0.001

57.4 ± 14.5

60.4 ± 14.0

0.015

55.1 ± 14.3

60.6 ± 14.1

<0.001

60.1 ± 14.5

56.1 ± 13.5

0.010

58.4 ± 12.8

58.4 ± 15.2

61.6 ± 13.3

58.4 ± 13.9

0.255

Sex (% male)

46.8

66.8

<0.001

57.6

50.0

0.059

46.9

56.7

0.015

74.7

48.7

<0.001

47.4

69.6

<0.001

57.5

43.1

51.3

74.7

<0.001

Race (% white)

59.0

64.8

0.320

65.2

58.3

0.122

55.1

64.4

0.042

61.1

58.1

0.806

57.4

68.7

0.001

65.0

56.0

55.6

67.6

0.461

Education (% HS grad)

65.3

72.3

0.084

68.9

66.5

0.538

65.4

68.7

0.379

67.7

66.1

0.765

67.9

67.9

0.998

65.0

62.9

68.8

70.6

0.690

Employment (% employed)

8.4

9.6

0.628

12.0

6.8

0.023

7.8

9.6

0.445

10.5

8.1

0.448

8.7

11.4

0.400

10.0

10.3

9.4

10.0

0.996

Clinical

                    

Access (% fistula)

23.3

11.9

0.007

30.8

30.2

0.943

23.9

17.8

0.120

15.5

21.8

0.283

29.0

0.0

<0.001

27.5

26.7

25.6

5.6

0.003

Diabetes (% diabetic)

60.5

44.7

<0.001

56.4

55.0

0.732

59.8

52.8

0.083

62.1

55.6

0.248

59.7

47.8

0.029

62.5

62.1

63.3

39.4

0.006

ICED (% with score of 3)

33.7

22.6

0.003

26.1

37.1

0.008

33.2

28.9

0.503

33.7

31.1

0.151

33.6

21.7

<0.001

37.5

41.4

26.5

23.9

0.027

Late referral (% <4mo)

33.6

31.2

0.577

17.7

21.6

0.322

32.6

32.9

0.931

40.0

32.7

0.212

34.7

16.7

0.001

34.5

30.0

31.6

26.2

0.848

Mean BMI

27.7 ± 7.3

26.8 ± 6.3

0.144

28.1 ± 7.1

27.1 ± 6.9

0.061

28.6 ± 8.1

26.7 ± 6.0

0.001

30.5 ± 8.4

27.1 ± 6.6

<0.001

27.5 ± 7.2

27.9 ± 6.5

0.593

31.5 ± 9.8

27.7 ± 6.8

28.4 ± 6.4

25.9 ± 5.8

0.001

Physician visit (% weekly)

14.5

14.3

0.995

13.9

14.8

0.605

19.6

11.2

0.013

9.8

17.0

<0.001

15.0

14.3

0.663

24.6

14.1

12.3

14.8

0.213

Sit-down rounds (% monthly)

40.6

47.6

0.103

45.8

40.5

0.195

39.6

43.9

0.294

38.0

42.0

0.487

38.5

41.1

0.639

36.1

44.5

38.6

48.2

0.280

Dialysis compliant (% noncompliant)

9.4

6.4

0.211

11.4

6.7

0.040

10.8

7.1

0.102

11.6

7.0

0.134

9.0

5.2

0.198

9.0

12.4

6.6

1.2

0.008

Laboratory

                    

Mean Kt/V

1.26 ± 0.35

1.26 ± 0.29

0.910

1.21 ± 0.33

1.28 ± 0.33

0.010

1.22 ± 0.33

1.28 ± 0.33

0.048

0.99 ± 0.28

1.29 ± 0.31

<0.001

1.30 ± 0.33

1.19 ± 0.36

0.006

1.09 ± 0.31

1.29 ± 0.33

1.20 ± 0.35

1.30 ± 0.30

0.002

Mean albumin

3.41 ± 0.45

3.68 ± 0.44

<0.001

3.47 ± 0.42

3.51 ± 0.49

0.359

3.45 ± 0.49

3.52 ± 0.44

0.074

3.43 ± 0.50

3.52 ± 0.45

0.107

3.46 ± 0.46

3.60 ± 0.42

0.003

3.42 ± 0.47

3.42 ± 0.50

3.51 ± 0.38

3.70 ± 0.43

<0.001

Mean creatinine

6.88 ± 2.20

8.37 ± 2.69

<0.001

7.85 ± 2.59

7.01 ± 2.32

<0.001

7.51 ± 2.42

7.20 ± 2.48

0.115

7.80 ± 2.49

7.17 ± 2.40

0.022

6.94 ± 2.26

7.73 ± 2.47

0.002

7.48 ± 1.96

6.83 ± 2.37

7.21 ± 2.40

7.24 ± 2.32

0.384

Mean hemoglobin

9.74 ± 1.45

9.86 ± 1.60

0.337

9.59 ± 1.46

9.89 ± 1.50

0.012

9.50 ± 1.41

9.95 ± 1.52

<0.001

9.46 ± 1.50

9.88 ± 1.50

0.013

9.73 ± 1.39

9.80 ± 1.50

0.621

9.54 ± 1.33

9.60 ± 1.35

9.71 ± 1.44

10.2 ± 1.46

0.022

Mean Ca-P product

45.8 ± 14.3

47.9 ± 14.4

0.091

50.8 ± 14.6

43.8 ± 13.5

<0.001

46.9 ± 15.2

46.2 ± 13.7

0.516

48.8 ± 14.3

45.6 ± 14.1

0.043

46.2 ± 14.9

47.6 ± 13.6

0.388

53.8 ± 15.8

44.4 ± 14.2

46.9 ± 14.5

43.5 ± 12.0

0.001

Median CRP (IQR)

4.4(2.1,12.8)

3.4 (1.3,5.5)

<0.001

3.9(1.6,12.0)

4.0 (1.8,9.4)

0.461

4.3 (2.1,13)

3.8 (1.7,7.5)

0.482

4.6 (2.6,14)

3.8 (1.6,9.4)

0.942

3.9 (2.0,12)

3.4 (1.4,5.8)

0.035

5.5 (3.5,14.7)

3.5 (1.6,10.6)

3.6 (1.9,6.5)

3.6 (1.3,5.4)

0.020

Median ferritin (IQR)

118 (63,261)

143 (67,272)

0.572

117 (66,268)

142 (63,265)

0.312

154 (70,317)

119 (62,247)

0.078

118 (62,266)

133 (65,260)

0.817

130 (63,268)

126 (57,243)

0.366

214 (99,358)

118 (57,232)

88 (43,181)

167 (108,292)

<0.001

  1. Note that our patients were quite similar in most characteristics to the general U.S. 2002 incident hemodialysis population (our cohort vs. U.S.): % aged 65 or older, 39.8% vs. 52.3%; % white: 60.3% vs. 63.5%; % male, 53.6% vs. 54.3%; % diabetes as cause of end-stage renal disease, 47.3 vs. 45.0%; mean body mass index, 27.5 vs. 27.5; mean albumin 3.5 vs. 3.1 g/dl, mean hemoglobin, 9.8 vs. 10.0 g/dl; and mean creatinine, 7.3 vs. 7.1 [28].
  2. ICED = Index of Coexistent Disease, scored on a 3-point scale (0 = no, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe comorbidity); BMI = body mass index; Ca-P = calcium phosphate; CRP = C-reactive protein; IQR = interquartile range.
  3. *By analysis of variance/t test (continuous variables) or χ2 test (categorical variables).
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