Author | Year | Sample Size | Data Source | Study Design | Access Measure | Statistic | Comparison | Findings | Endogeneity/Selection |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cabana et al. [21] | 2002 | 3,163 | Single MCO | Cross-sectional | Utilization | Logistic regression; likelihood of specialty care | Medicaid vs. non-Medicaid insured | Private with copay: OR = 2.52, p < 0.05 Private w/o copay: OR = 3.40, p = NS | Single MCO with Medicaid and private; patients do not choose |
Damiano et al. [22] | 2003 | 463 | State SCHIP | Prospective cohort | Unmet need | McNemar; unmet need pre- vs. post-enrollment | SCHIP vs. prior coverage | 40% vs. 13%; p < 0.05 | No consideration of selection into program |
Davidoff et al. [23] | 2005 | 3413 | National Health Interview Survey | Quasi-experimental | Utilization | Change in proportion with any visit | SCHIP ineligible vs. SCHIP eligible | +3.8, p = NS | Groups compared on eligibility, not enrollment |
Forrest et al. [24] | 1999 | 27,104 | National practice-based research network | Prospective | Referral rates | t-test, percent referred; logistic regression, likelihood of referral to specialty | Medicaid vs. Private | 4.46% vs. 2.61%, p < 0.001 | No consideration of selection into coverage type |
Holl et al [25] | 2000 | 1,730 | Single SCHIP | Quasi-experimental | Utilization | Change in proportion with any specialist visit | Prior to SCHIP enrollment vs. after enrollment | Age < 1 year: 15.5% vs. 16.1%, p = NS; Age 1–5 years: 19.7% vs. 19.4%, p = NS | No consideration of selection into program |
Hwang et al. [26] | 2005 | 54 | Clinics in a single state | Cross-sectional | Appointment availability | t-test, proportion offering appointment | Private insurance vs. Medicaid | 96% vs. 41%, p < 0.0001 | Physician offices; no patient selection |
Kempe et al. [27] | 2000 | 596 | Pediatric practices in a single state | Retrospective cohort | Referral rates | χ2; proportion with referral | Private insurance vs. Medicaid | 11% vs. 20%, p = 0.09 | No consideration of selection into coverage type |
Kempe et al [28] | 2005 | 480 | Single SCHIP | Prospective cohort | Utilization | Logistic regression; saw specialist when needed; any specialist visit | Prior to enrollment vs. after enrollment | OR = 1.96, p < 0.05; OR = 1.22, p = NS | No consideration of selection into program |
Mayer et al. [13] | 2004 | 38,866 | National Survey of CSHCN | Cross-sectional | Unmet need | Logistic regression; likelihood of unmet need for specialty care | Private insurance vs. Medicaid and SCHIP | Medicaid: OR = 1.26, p = NS; SCHIP: OR = 0.82, p = NS | No consideration of selection into coverage type |
Ortega et al. [29] | 2001 | 1,002 | Multiple hospitals; single geographic region | Retrospective cohort | Utilization | χ2;percent seeing an asthma specialist | Private insurance vs. Medicaid | 30% vs. 6%, p < 0.001 | No consideration of selection into coverage type |
Park et al. [14] | 2002 | 1,985 | National Health Interview Survey | Cross-sectional | Utilization | Proportion having seen a specialist | Private insurance vs. public insurance | Less likely vs. private insurance | No consideration of selection into coverage type |
Perlstein et al. [15] | 1997 | 544 | Regional cardiac registry | Retrospective cohort | Time to referral | t-test; mean age at referral | Medicaid vs. "commercial" | 168 days vs. 80 days, p < 0.05 | No consideration of selection into coverage type |
Price et al. [34] | 1999 | 94 | Single hospital | Cross-sectional | Utilization | t-test; number of specialist visits | Medicaid vs. fee-for-service | All: 3 vs. 6, p = NS; asthma-related: 2 vs.4, p < 0.05 | No consideration of selection into coverage type |
Szilagyi, et al. [31] | 2000 | 187 | Single SCHIP, children with asthma | Quasi-experimental | Utilization | χ2 and t-test; percent seeing specialist, number of visits | Prior to SCHIP enrollment vs. after enrollment | Any specialist: 30% vs. 40%, p = 0.02; Visits: 0.36 vs. 0.48, p = 0.02 | No consideration of selection into program |
Szilagyi, et al. [16] | 2000 | 2,126 | Single SCHIP | Quasi-experimental | Utilization | t-test, difference in number of specialist visits | Prior to SCHIP enrollment vs. after enrollment | 0.174 more visits after enrollment, p < 0.001 | No consideration of selection into program |
Szilagyi et al. [30] | 2004 | 2,644 | Single SCHIP | Prospective cohort | Utilization and unmet need | Logistic regression, change in unmet needs pre- and post-enrollment | Prior to SCHIP enrollment vs. after enrollment | 15.5 percentage point decrease after enrollment, p < 0.01 | No consideration of selection into program |
Wang et al. [32] | 2004 | 100 | Clinics in single state | Cross-sectional | Appointment availability | Percentage comparisons, no statistical test, percent offering an appointment | Private PPO vs. Medicaid | 97% vs. 27% | Physician offices; no patient selection |
Zwanziger, et al. [33] | 2000 | 1,910 | Single SCHIP | Quasi-experimental | Utilization | OLS, change in expenditures pre- and post-enrollment | Prior to SCHIP enrollment vs. after enrollment | $71.85 increase after enrollment | No consideration of selection into program |