From: Payer leverage and hospital compliance with a benchmark: a population-based observational study
COvariate | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval |
---|---|---|
Volume non-compliant | 1.50 | 1.12 – 2.02 |
Female | 1.16 | 1.02 – 1.33 |
Race | ||
White | 1 (ref.) | -- |
Black | 0.94 | 0.58 – 1.53 |
Hispanic | 1.13 | 0.83 – 1.55 |
Asian | 1.01 | 0.67 – 1.51 |
Other | 1.28 | 0.99 – 1.66 |
Insurance type | ||
Medicare | 1 (ref.) | -- |
Medicaid | 0.81 | 0.64 – 1.02 |
Private | 0.85 | 0.66 – 1.08 |
Operative year | ||
1993 | 1 (ref.) | -- |
1994 | 0.80 | 0.49 – 1.31 |
1995 | 0.70 | 0.41 – 1.19 |
1996 | 0.75 | 0.43 – 1.29 |
1997 | 0.62 | 0.34 – 1.13 |
1998 | 0.44 | 0.25 – 0.77 |
1999 | 0.66 | 0.44 – 0.98 |
2000 | 0.52 | 0.33 – 0.81 |
2001 | 0.42 | 0.23 – 0.74 |
2002 | 0.41 | 0.26 – 0.64 |
2003 | 0.47 | 0.30 – 0.74 |
Elixhauser codes | ||
Congestive heart failure | 2.54 | 1.63 – 3.94 |
Arrhythmias | 2.08 | 1.47 – 2.93 |
Valvular disease | 0.61 | 0.32 – 1.17 |
Pulmonary circulation disorders | 3.48 | 2.09 – 5.80 |
Peripheral vascular disorders | 1.21 | 0.44 – 3.28 |
Paralysis | 2.27 | 0.62 – 8.22 |
Neurologic disorders | 1.09 | 0.52 – 2.27 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 1.04 | 0.67 – 1.60 |
Diabetes mellitus, complex | 0.94 | 0.54 – 1.63 |
Hypothyroidism | 0.54 | 0.28 – 1.04 |
Renal failure | 1.34 | 1.02 – 1.77 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 0.62 | 0.28 – 1.38 |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 0.98 | 0.38 – 2.50 |
Coagulopathy | 1.86 | 1.55 – 2.23 |
Weight loss | 0.71 | 0.52 – 0.99 |
Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 1.23 | 1.02 – 1.49 |
Blood loss anemia | 1.21 | 0.59 – 2.50 |
Deficiency anemias | 0.59 | 0.38 – 0.93 |
Psychoses | 0.32 | 0.10 – 1.00 |
Depression | 0.17 | 0.04 – 0.67 |
Hospital census region | ||
Northeast | 1 (ref.) | -- |
North-central | 0.45 | 0.34 – 0.61 |
South | 0.61 | 0.50 – 0.75 |
West | 0.53 | 0.40 – 0.71 |
Hospital bedsize | ||
Small | 1 (ref.) | -- |
Medium | 0.66 | 0.46 – 0.95 |
Large | 0.79 | 0.58 – 1.08 |
For-profit | 1.18 | 0.06 – 21.83 |
Private | 0.96 | 0.75 – 1.23 |
Teaching | 1.04 | 0.78 – 1.38 |