From: Comorbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus: impact on medical health care utilization
 | DM + any comorbidity (n = 3,324) | Type of comorbidity | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | DM + only dm-related comorbidity | DM + only non dm-related comorbidity | DM + both types of comorbidity | |||
Number of comorbidities | 1 (n = 2,419) | 2 (n = 718) | ≥3 (n = 187) | (n = 871) | (n = 1,856) | (n = 597) | ||||||
 | β/OR | CI 95% | β/OR | CI 95% | β/OR | CI 95% | β/OR | CI 95% | β/OR | CI 95% | β/OR | CI 95% |
GP care | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No. of visits to GP (β) | 3.9 | (3.6, 4.3) | 10.3 | (9.7, 10.9) | 18.0 | (16.9, 19.1) | 4.6 | (4.1, 5.2) | 4.7 | (4.2, 5.1) | 12.4 | (11.7, 13.0) |
% patients with prescriptions (OR) | * | Â | * | Â | * | Â | * | Â | * | Â | * | Â |
No. of prescriptions (β) | 6.9 | (5.9, 7.9) | 19.2 | (17.6, 20.8) | 35.9 | (33.0, 38.7) | 11.7 | (10.3, 13.2) | 7.0 | (5.9, 8.0) | 23.4 | (21.7, 25.2) |
Ambulatory medical specialist care†|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
% of patients with consultations (OR) | 2.4 | (2.1, 2.8) | 3.7 | (3.1, 4.6) | 5.6 | (4.0, 7.9) | 1.7 | (1.4, 2.1) | 2.9 | (2.5, 3.3) | 4.3 | (3.5, 5.4) |
No. of consultations (β) | 0.4 | (0.3, 0.4) | 0.8 | (0.7,0.9) | 1.3 | (1.1, 1.5) | 0.2 | (0.1, 0.3) | 0.5 | (0.4, 0.6) | 1.0 | (0.8, 1.1) |
Hospital care | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
% patients with hospital admission (OR) | 3.4 | (2.9, 4.2) | 6.4 | (5.1, 8.2) | 9.8 | (6.8, 14.0) | 3.3 | (2.5, 4.2) | 3.8 | (3.2, 4.6) | 7.7 | (6.0, 9.9) |
No. of hospital admissions (β) | 0.3 | (0.2, 0.3) | 0.6 | (0.5, 0.7) | 0.9 | (0.8, 1.1) | 0.3 | (0.2, 0.4) | 0.3 | (0.2, 0.4) | 0.7 | (0.6, 0.8) |
Average length of stay (β) | 0.6 | (0.4, 0.7) | 1.4 | (1.1, 1.7) | 3.0 | (2.5, 3.6) | 0.7 | (0.4, 0.9) | 0.6 | (0.4, 0.9) | 2.1 | (1.8, 2.4) |
Total hospital days (β) | 1.5 | (1.1, 2.0) | 4.5 | (3.7, 5.2) | 9.1 | (7.8, 10.4) | 2.2 | (1.5, 2.8) | 1.7 | (1.2, 2.2) | 5.9 | (5.1, 6.7) |