Table 2 Psychological features by race and ethnicity*.
| Â | Non-Hispanic white (n = 226) | Hispanic (n = 72) | African-American (n = 35) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Preference for English | 98.7% | 83.3% | 100% | <0.001 |
Education (years) | 13.7 ± 2.8 | 11.9 ± 4.0 | 12.9 ± 2.0 | <0.001†|
Cognitive Deficit mean§ | 28.3 ± 2.0 | 26.4 ± 3.5 | 27.7 ± 1.8 | <0.001 |
Family Behavior Checklist score|| | 6.16 ± 6.92 | 6.33 ± 6.88 | 8.26 ± 5.92 | NS |
Diabetes Knowledge score¶ | 67.4 ± 13.9 | 56.3 ± 17.0 | 62.1 ± 16.8 | <0.001 |
Depression score** | 7.60 ± 6.58 | 9.42 ± 7.14 | 6.03 ± 5.63 | 0.03‡ |
Diabetes Care Profile scores††| ||||
Problems with glycemic control | 3.98 ± 0.66 | 3.93 ± 0.56 | 4.27 ± 0.58 | 0.02‡ |
Social and personal impact | 3.47 ± 0.82 | 3.39 ± 0.84 | 3.73 ± 0.72 | NS |
Positive attitudes | 3.10 ± 0.72 | 2.99 ± 0.72 | 3.12 ± 0.94 | NS |
Negative attitudes | 3.53 ± 0.80 | 3.24 ± 0.90 | 3.80 ± 0.83 | 0.008‡ |
Perceived ability to do self-care | 3.00 ± 0.74 | 3.00 ± 0.87 | 3.53 ± 0.74 | 0.001‡ |
Importance of self-care | 4.24 ± 0.58 | 4.29 ± 0.62 | 4.45 ± 0.66 | NS |
Adherence to self-care | 3.49 ± 0.74 | 3.51 ± 0.77 | 3.80 ± 0.79 | NS |
Adherence to diet | 2.65 ± 0.94 | 2.65 ± 0.96 | 3.08 ± 0.81 | 0.04‡ |
Barriers to taking medications | 4.57 ± 0.45 | 4.55 ± 0.56 | 4.59 ± 0.52 | NS |
Barriers to exercise | 4.04 ± 0.80 | 4.04 ± 0.80 | 4.37 ± 0.64 | NS |
Barriers to monitoring | 4.63 ± 0.46 | 4.50 ± 0.60 | 4.38 ± 0.83 | NS |
Understanding of objectives | 3.44 ± 0.81 | 3.22 ± 0.81 | 3.57 ± 0.83 | NS |
Perception of long-term benefits | 4.38 ± 0.68 | 4.29 ± 0.86 | 4.15 ± 0.96 | NS |
Social support | 3.82 ± 0.60 | 3.87 ± 0.63 | 3.94 ± 0.63 | NS |