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Table 1 Baseline characteristics.

From: A heart failure self-management program for patients of all literacy levels: A randomized, controlled trial [ISRCTN11535170]

Variable

Control (n = 64)

Intervention (n = 59)

P value

Mean Age, years (SD)

62 (11)

63 (9)

0.37

African American, %

55

54

0.96

Male, %

41

58

0.059

Education, years (SD)

9.9 (2.6)

9.1 (3.2)

0.17

Income <15,000/yr, %

67

69

0.60

Medicaid, %

33

34

0.90

Medicare, %

72

71

0.61

Inadequate Literacy, %

39

42

0.43

Hypertension, %

89

86

0.66

Diabetes, %

52

59

0.39

Creatinine, mg/dl

1.3

1.2

0.19

Time with heart failure, mean years (SD)

7 (8)

6 (9)

0.75

NYHA class, %

  

0.66

   II

47

53

 

   III

51

40

 

   IV

2

7

 

Systolic dysfunction, %

44

39

0.73

Medications, %

   

ACEI or ARB

69

78

0.25

β-blocker

72

54

0.04

Digoxin

19

25

0.39

Knowledge, mean percent

57

55

0.67

Self-efficacy, mean score

22

22

0.64

Daily weight measurement, %

15

13

0.64

HFQOL score, mean score (range 0–105)

57

45

0.0028

  1. NYHA: New York Heart Association; ACEI: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor; HFQOL: Heart Failure-Related Quality of Life