Table 3 Health service utilisation comparing those who did or did not receive acupuncture for low back pain.
From: Determinants for receiving acupuncture for LBP and associated treatments: a prospective cohort study
Health service utilisation | No acupuncture n = 1,145 | Acupuncture n = 175 | Unadjusted OR | Adjusted OR* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Specialist consultations | 641 (54 %) | 150 (84%) | 4.5 (CI 3–6.8) | 3.2 (CI 2–5.2) |
Sick leave (%) (n = 776**) | 346 (51 %) | 56 (63 %) | 1.7 (CI 1.1–2.6) | 1.7 (CI 1–2.6) |
Manual/chiropractic therapy | 270 (23 %) | 83 (46 %) | 3 (CI 2.2–4.1) | 3.4 (CI 2.3–4.8) |
Physiotherapy | 534 (46 %) | 113 (63 %) | 2 (CI 1.5–2.8) | 1.6 (CI1.2–2.4) |
Massage | 350 (30 %) | 67 (37 %) | 1.4 (CI 1–1.9) | 1.2 (CI 0.8–1.7) |
Medication for LBP | ||||
▪ No medication | 320 (24 %) | 25 (16 %) | 0.5 (CI 0.34–0.9) | 0.53 (CI 0.34–0.83) |
▪ Non-opioids*** | 714 (61 %) | 132 (75 %) | 1.8 (CI 1.3–2.7) | 1.6 (CI 1.1–2.5) |
▪ Opioids | 89 (7 %) | 37 (21 %) | 3.1 (CI 2–4.8) | 2.7(CI 1.7–4.3) |
Injection therapy | 680 (58 %) | 134 (75 %) | 1.8 (CI 1.3–2.5) | 2 (CI 1.4–2.9) |
Electrotherapy | 191 (16 %) | 41 (23 %) | 1.5 (CI 1.1–2.2) | 1.5 (CI 0.9–2.3) |
TENS*** | 89 (8 %) | 35 (20 %) | 3 (CI 2–4.7) | 2.5 (CI 1.6–3.9) |
Psychotherapy | 75 (6 %) | 20 (11%) | 1.9 (CI 1.1–3.2) | 1.3 (CI 0.8–2.4) |
Back school | 105 (9 %) | 22 (12 %) | 1.5 (CI 0.9–2.4) | 1.3 (CI 0.8–2.2) |
Hospital admission | 66 (6 %) | 20 (11 %) | 2.1 (CI 1.3–3) | 1.9 (CI 1–3.5) |