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Variable
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Definition
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Expenditures
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Continuous variable: total household annual out-of-pocket medical expenditures
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Independent Variable
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Demographic variables
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(Economic Household Head, EHH)
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Married
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Dummy variable = 1 if EHH is currently married, otherwise = 0 including never married, widowed, separated and divorced.
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Male
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Dummy variable = 1 if EHH is male.
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Employed
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Dummy variable = 1 if EHH is employed.
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Age
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25–44
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Dummy variable = 1 if EHH's age in this range.
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45–64
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Dummy variable = 1 if EHH's age in this range.
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65 and above
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Dummy variable = 1 if EHH's age in this range. (EHH's age under 25 is the default variable.)
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Education
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Junior high
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Dummy variable = 1 if EHH finished Junior high school.
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Senior (vocational) high
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Dummy variable = 1 if EHH finished senior (or vocational) high school.
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Junior college
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Dummy variable = 1 if EHH finished Junior college.
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College and above
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Dummy variable = 1 if EHH finished college and above. (Primary school and below is the default variable.)
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Family members
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Dummy variable = 1 if the number of household members ≥ 4.
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NHI
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Dummy variable = 1 if EHH is from the post-national health insurance cohort.
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Household income
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Lower 20%~2nd quintile
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Dummy variable = 1 if family income is lower 20%.
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Middle 20%~3rd quintile
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Dummy variable = 1 if family income is middle 20%.
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Higher 20%~4th quintile
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Dummy variable = 1 if family income is higher 20%.
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Highest 20%~5th quintile
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Dummy variable = 1 if family income is highest 20%. (Lowest 20%~1st quintile is the default variable)
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Regional variables
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Center
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Dummy variable = 1 if the household is located in: Taichung Hsien, Changhwa Hsien, Nantou Hsien, Yunlin Hsien, Taichung City.
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South
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Dummy variable = 1 if the household is located in: Chiayi Hsien, Tainan Hsien, Kaohsiung Hsien, Pingtung Hsien, Kaohsiung Municipality, Chiayi City, Tainan City.
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East
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Dummy variable = 1 if the household is located in: Taitung Hsien, Hwalien Hsien, Penghu Hsien.
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North
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Dummy variable = 1 if the household is located in: Taipei Hsien, Keelung City, Ilan Hsien, Taoyuan Hsien, Hsinchu Hsien, Miaoli Hsien, and Taipei Municipality. (North is the default variable)
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