From: Patient involvement in medical decision-making and pain among elders: physician or patient-driven?
Variable (reference group) | Frequent pain OR (95% CI) | Severe pain OR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|
Sociodemographics | ||
Age | 0.99 (0.97, 1.00) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) |
Male (vs. female) | 0.81 (0.67, 0.98)3 | 0.78 (0.54, 1.14) |
Race/ethnicity | ||
Hispanic (vs. non-Hispanic white) | 0.74 (0.54, 1.01) | 0.74 (0.44, 1.26) |
Other (vs. non-Hispanic white) | 0.84 (0.56, 1.26) | 2.28 (1.24, 4.21)2 |
Less than high school grad. (vs. grad.) | 0.97 (0.78, 1.20) | 1.08 (0.76, 1.55) |
Married (vs. single) | 0.92 (0.77, 1.10) | 1.00 (0.72, 1.39) |
Residence | ||
Rural (vs. urban) | 0.77 (0.64, 0.92)3 | 0.89 (0.65, 1.23) |
Frontier (vs. urban) | 0.86 (0.66, 1.12) | 0.78 (0.48, 1.28) |
Income | ||
$10–20,000 (vs. < $10,000) | 1.06 (0.81, 1.39) | 0.81 (0.52, 1.26) |
$21–30,000 (vs. < $10,000) | 1.02 (0.75, 1.38) | 0.96 (0.57, 1.62) |
$31,000 and higher (vs. < $10,000) | 0.90 (0.67, 1.20) | 0.87 (0.52, 1.46) |
Missing (vs. < $10,000) | 0.95 (0.72, 1.25) | 0.99 (0.63, 1.56) |
Health care | ||
Insurance | ||
Medicare (vs. uninsured) | 0.69 (0.41, 1.16) | 0.41 (0.19, 0.86)3 |
Medicaid (vs. uninsured) | 0.72 (0.44, 1.18) | 0.35 (0.17, 0.71)2 |
Medicare plus other. (vs. uninsured) | 0.85 (0.52, 1.39) | 0.31 (0.15, 0.64)2 |
Other private/gov. ins. (vs. uninsured) | 0.64 (0.37, 1.09) | 0.34 (0.15, 0.76)2 |
No. of physician visits past 6 months | 1.02 (1.01, 1.04)2 | 1.02 (1.00, 1.03) |
Physician-driven participation index | 0.99 (0.91, 1.06) | 1.14 (0.99, 1.30) |
Patient-driven participation index | 0.82 (0.75, 0.89)3 | 0.93 (0.80, 1.09) |
Tenure with doctor | ||
Less than 1 year (vs. no personal doctor) | 0.92 (0.64, 1.33) | 0.51 (0.27, 0.98)3 |
1–2 years (vs. no personal doctor) | 0.95 (0.70, 1.30) | 0.74 (0.43, 1.25) |
3–4 years (vs. no personal doctor) | 0.87 (0.64, 1.18) | 0.56 (0.33, 0.96)3 |
5 or more years (vs. no personal doctor) | 0.92 (0.71, 1.19) | 0.65 (0.42, 0.99)3 |
Health status | ||
No. of comorbidities | ||
1 (vs. none) | 1.06 (0.87, 1.27) | 1.18 (0.84, 1.66) |
2 (vs. none) | 0.96 (0.74, 1.25) | 1.50 (0.99, 2.28) |
3 or more (vs. none) | 1.01 (0.71, 1.43) | 1.51 (0.90, 2.50) |
Ever diagnosed with arthritis (vs. never) | 3.62 (3.03, 4.33)1 | 1.54 (1.01, 2.35)3 |
SF-12 mental component score | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) |
General health status | ||
Excellent (vs. poor) | 0.14 (0.09, 0.22)1 | 0.49 (0.20, 1.19) |
Very Good (vs. poor) | 0.30 (0.21, 0.41)1 | 0.24 (0.14, 0.42)1 |
Good (vs. poor) | 0.41 (0.31, 0.54)1 | 0.33 (0.21, 0.50)1 |
Fair (vs. poor) | 0.69 (0.52, 0.92)2 | 0.56 (0.39, 0.81)3 |