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Table 3 Predictors of Any and Regular Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) by Drug Treatment Categories*

From: Barriers to self-monitoring of blood glucose among adults with diabetes in an HMO: A cross sectional study

 

Any SMBG

Regular SMBG

 

Insulin-Managed

Sulfonylurea-Managed

Insulin-Managed

Sulfonylurea-Managed

Predictors

OR [95%CI]

OR [95%CI]

OR [95%CI]

OR [95%CI]

Age (in units of 10 yrs)

0.80 [0.70,0.91]

0.85 [0.76,0.96]

0.88 [0.73, 1.05]

1.02 [0.82, 1.28]

Male

0.69 [0.52, 0.90]

0.90 [0.71, 1.14]

0.88 [0.59, 1.32]

1.00 [0.64, 1.56]

Chronic Disease Score (Deciles)

1.63 [1.21,2.20]

0.97 [0.91,1.03]

1.07 [0.97, 1.19]

1.08 [0.97, 1.21]

Total # HbA1c Tests (≥ 2) (Y/N)

1.60 [1.19, 2.14]

1.45 [1.14, 1.86]

1.09 [0.71, 1.66]

1.89 [1.18, 3.04]

Socioeconomic Status (SES)

1.41 [1.18, 1.70]

1.26 [1.07, 1.47]

1.25 [0.95, 1.64]

--

Total # Physician Visits (≥ 4) (Y/N)

1.80 [1.16, 2.81]

2.06 [1.40, 3.01]

--

--

Standard Monthly Dose

--

1.13 [1.04, 1.23]

--

--

Black Race (vs. White Race)

--

--

0.46 [0.26,0.81]

--

Other Race (vs. White Race)

--

--

0.32 [0.09,1.23]

--

Overweight § (vs. BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m 2 )

0.90 [0.61,1.35]

--

--

--

Obese § (vs. BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m 2 )

0.64 [0.44,0.95]

--

--

--

Poor Control § (vs. HbA1c ≤ 8.0)

--

--

0.83 [0.53,1.29]

--

Very Poor Control § (vs. HbA1c ≤ 8.0)

--

--

0.38 [0.21,0.69]

--

  1. *For all multivariate logistic regression models, ORs (Odds Ratios) were adjusted for differences among primary health centers. Significant predictors are in bold. †Regular self-monitoring was defined as 90 or more test strips per quarter (i.e., testing an average of at least once per day) for those using insulin therapy, and 45 or more per quarter (i.e., testing an average of at least once every other day) for those using oral sulfonylureas only. ‡Socioeconomic Status is represented by an index based on education, income, language, home ownership in the census tract of residence. §Overweight = 30 kg/m2 > BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2; Obese = BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; Poor Control = 8.0 < HbA1c ≤ 10.0; Very Poor Control = HbA1c > 10.0.