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Table 5 Diabetes-related morbidity in relation to smoking status. Figures are frequencies (percent of column total).

From: Cigarette smoking, health status, socio-economic status and access to health care in diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional survey

Morbidity

Never (968)

Current smokers (296)

Ex – smokers (582)

Odds ratioa (95% CI)

Burning and numbness in feet

395 (41)

126 (43)

240 (41)

1.29 (0.93 to 1.79)

Previous foot ulcer

76 (8)

29 (10)

43 (7)

1.19 (0.68 to 2.07)

Previous amputation

28 (3)

9 (3)

14 (2)

1.07 (0.55 to 2.05)

Difficulty with eyesight

353 (36)

92 (31)

182 (31)

1.10 (0.80 to 1.53)

Heart attack

66 (7)

26 (9)

90 (15)

1.20 (0.65 to 2.20)

Stroke

77 (8)

21 (7)

61 (10)

1.13 (0.67 to 1.90)

Heart trouble

134 (14)

30 (10)

107 (18)

0.69 (0.46 to 1.05)

High blood pressure

585 (60)

151 (51)

341 (59)

0.79 (0.63 to 0.98)

  1. a odds ratio comparing current smokers with never smokers after adjusting for age, sex, duration of diabetes, ethnic group, type of diabetes, whether English was the first language, social class, housing tenure, education and car ownership