Table 1 Summary of standardized tests used in routine patient care

Acute geriatric

Berg balance scale (BBS) [28]

PT

A test of 14 items to test balance and risk of falling in older adults.

A five-point scale, ranging from 0 to 4. Zero is lowest level and 4 the highest level of function. Total Score = 56.

Timed “up and go” test (TUG) [29]

PT

Tests dynamic balance and mobility skills in older adults.

Timed in seconds. Lower than 10 seconds is normal. More than 10 seconds indicates reduced mobility.

Mini-mental score examination (MMSE) [30]

OT

Samples cognitive functions such as arithmetic and recall ability, short-term memory, and orientation to time and place.

Full score is 30 points. Scores greater than or equal to 25 indicate normal cognition.

Clock drawing test (CDT) [32]

OT

Screens cognitive and perceptual functions.

A modified version of Shulman [31] was used to rank clock drawings on a scale of 0 to 5, with 5 as best score and 0 as worst.

Stroke unit

Mini-mental score examination

OT

Clock drawing test

OT

Trail making test A and B (TMT) [33, 34]

OT

Tests visual attention and task switching.

Timed in seconds. Higher scores reveal greater impairment.

Motor assessment scale (MAS) [35]

PT

Tests motor function and muscle tone in stroke patients.

Each item is scored on a seven-point scale from 0 to 6.