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Table 2 Socio-demographic and health related sample characteristics (grouped by predisposing characteristics, enabling resources and need)

From: Health care costs in the elderly in Germany: an analysis applying Andersen’s behavioral model of health care utilization

Characteristics

All

Male

Female

p-valuea

Missing values (%)

  

n = 3,124

n = 1,481

n = 1,643

  

Predisposing characteristics

Age

     

  Mean (SD)

69.6 (6.3)

70.0 (6.2)

69.3 (6.4)

<0.01

0.0

  Range

57-84

58-83

57-84

  

Marital status: n (%)

     

  Single

105 (3.4)

54 (3.7)

51 (3.1)

<0.01

1.2

  Married

2,217 (71.8)

1,244 (85.0)

973 (59.9)

  

  Divorced

229 (7.4)

66 (4.5)

163 (10.0)

  

  Widowed

536 (17.4)

99 (6.8)

437 (26.9)

  

Education: n (%)

     

  ≤ 9 years of schooling

2,038 (66.2)

916 (62.7)

1,122 (69.3)

<0.01

1.4

  10-11 years of schooling

550 (17.9)

211 (14.5)

339 (20.9)

  

  ≥ 12 years of schooling

491 (16.0)

333 (22.8)

158 (9.8)

  

Body mass index: mean (SD)

28.7 (4.8)

28.9 (4.3)

28.5 (5.2)

0.02

0.1

Enabling resources

Incomeb: mean (SD)

4,299.1 (2,053.9)

4,483.4 (2,070.9)

4,123.5 (2,022.7)

<0.01

13.1

Health insurance: n (%)

     

  Statutory

2,859 (92.2)

1,323 (90.0)

1,536 (94.2)

<0.01

0.8

  Private

241 (7.8)

147 (10.0)

94 (5.8)

  
 

Lubben social network scale: mean (SD)

     
 

  Family

9.4 (2.9)

9.3 (2.9)

9.4 (2.9)

0.31

0.5

 

  Friends

7.6 (3.4)

7.5 (3.5)

7.7 (3.3)

0.08

0.7

Need

CIRS-G score: mean (SD)

6.9 (5.4)

7.1 (5.6)

6.6 (5.3)

0.02

16.8

SF-12 summary scores: mean (SD)

     

  Mental component summary (MCS) score

47.8 (9.8)

49.0 (9.0)

46.7 (10.3)

<0.01

3.3

  1. aDifferences in proportions: χ 2-test; differences in means: t-test; bsquare root equivalent scale for 3 months (SRES).