From: Determinants of perceived quality of obstetric care in rural Tanzania: a cross-sectional study
n (%) | ||
---|---|---|
Level 1: individuals (n = 855 a ) | ||
Maternal factors | ||
Socio-demographic | ||
Age (mean, SD) | 27.66 ± 6.53 | |
Any secondary education | 71 (8.31) | |
Household wealth: richest 20% | 188 (22.09) | |
Farmer or homemaker | 687 (81.01) | |
Head of household | 36 (4.21) | |
Owns own mobile phone | 319 (37.49) | |
Listens to the radio daily | 534 (62.46) | |
Health/well-being | ||
Full function on EQ-5Db | 589 (68.89) | |
Availability of care | ||
Distance from village center to nearest hospital (km) (mean, SD) | 39.19 ± 21.69 | |
Density of health facilities within 30 km of home village center (mean, SD) | 13.74 ± 8.46 | |
Past maternal health experiences | ||
Number of previous deliveries (mean, SD) | 2.45 ± 2.01 | |
Had at least one newborn who died | 46 (5.38) | |
>3 ANC visits for most recent pregnancy | 532 (63.11) | |
Number of ANC services received (max. 9)c (mean, SD) | 6.96 ± 1.56 | |
Current care experience | ||
Processes | ||
Number of delivery services received (max. 9)d (mean, SD) | 6.13 ± 2.22 | |
Experienced disrespect and abuse | 77 (9.07) | |
Had a complication during delivery | 800 (94.12) | |
Outcomes | ||
Child is alive | 843 (98.83) | |
Doctor/nurse fees, drugs, supplies, tests (USD) (mean, SD) | 5.94 ± 4.84 | |
Borrowed money or sold assets to pay for services | 105 (12.46) | |
Dependent variable: quality ratings i | ||
Greeted and talked to respectfully | 322 (37.93) | |
Knowledge and competence of health workers | 301 (35.50) | |
How clearly health care providers explained care | 279 (32.86) | |
Cleanliness of facility | 223 (26.33) | |
Availability of drugs and modern equipment | 183 (21.73) | |
Privacy | 312 (36.79) | |
Level 2: facilities (n = 24) | ||
Current care experience | ||
Inputs/infrastructure | ||
Index of equipment, supplies, and drugs available (max. 29)e (mean, SD) | 16.38 ± 3.37 | |
Clean water | 6 (25.00) | |
Total health workers (mean, SD) | 4.13 ± 1.65 | |
Facility average health worker confidence on 35 maternal, newborn, and HIV skills (mean, SD) | 42.06 ± 20.72 | |
Health worker obstetric knowledge & competence score (mean, SD)f | 41.40 ± 11.38 | |
Processes | ||
Number of emergency obstetric services provided in past 3 months (max. 7) (mean, SD)g | 2.13 ± 1.15 | |
Number of postnatal services routinely provided (max. 11)h (mean, SD) | 7.96 ± 2.07 | |
Monthly facility deliveries in 2011 (mean, SD) | 7.37 ± 4.90 |