Table 5 Changes in Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire scales in the three study units between T1 and T2

Quantitative demands

44.9 (15.8)

52.6 (16.4)

7.7

1

38.2 (15.0)

36.7 (15.3)

-1.6

-1

45.7 (21.0)

40.5 (15.8)

-5.2

-1

Tempo at work

75.2 (13.4)

74.0 (15.8)

-1.2

1

59.6 (13.6)

64.2 (18.8)

4.6

-1

70.3 (18.7)

64.1 (12.9)

-6.3

-1

Cognitive demands

78.5 (12.4)

69.4 (18.7)

-9.1

-1

66.7 (16.4)

69.4 (14.3)

2.8

1

70.6 (13.0)

69.8 (18.4)

-0.8

-1

Emotional demands

52.4 (21.3)

60.1 (16.6)

7.7

0

55.1 (23.0)

56.3 (22.8)

1.1

0

50.0 (19.1)

55.0 (21.7)

5

1

Hiding emotions*

74.6 (13.0)

67.1 (16.5)

-7.5

0

71.1 (13.2)

70.6 (15.1)

-0.5

0

67.4 (12.6)

69.1 (14.8)

1.6

0

Influence at work

39.6 (18.7)

38.5 (17.7)

-1.1

0

40.4 (13.6)

50.0 (20.4)

9.6

1

33.6 (16.3)

45.5 (18.4)

11.9

1

Possibilities for development

72.9 (22.9)

70.8 (18.5)

-2.1

-1

65.4 (15.6)

66.7 (20.4)

1.2

1

69.1 (14.5)

72.4 (18.4)

3.3

0

Meaning of work

86.9 (15.2)

76.2 (16.5)

-10.7

-1

79.4 (13.2)

89.2 (10.4)

9.8

1

81.3 (13.5)

84.5 (11.6)

3.3

0

Commitment to the workplace

69.5 (20.2)

61.0 (20.1)

-8.4

-1

59.6 (21.4)

74.2 (16.0)

14.6

1

51.6 (19.5)

60.0 (17.7)

8.4

1

Rewards at work

62.2 (18.7)

60.4 (15.5)

-1.7

0

58.8 (20.6)

75.9 (16.6)

17.1

1

60.2 (18.9)

66.7 (12.6)

6.5

1

Predictability*

57.0 (15.7)

52.4 (15.7)

-4.5

-1

53.7 ( 9.6)

65.8 (16.7)

12.2

1

49.2 (13.8)

51.5 (19.2)

2.3

0

Role clarity

75.0 (14.7)

67.2 (15.9)

-7.8

-1

64.0 ( 9.8)

80.8 (10.4)

16.9

1

62.5 (15.9)

68.5 (14.5)

6

0

Role conflicts*

48.7 (13.5)

52.2 (13.0)

3.5

-1

41.9 ( 9.3)

46.3 (20.2)

4.3

1

48.8 (12.1)

54.1 ( 7.4)

5.2

0

Social support from colleagues

80.6 (10.5)

80.8 (13.3)

0.2

-1

73.1 (11.4)

79.3 ( 9.6)

6.2

1

76.5 (12.0)

74.2 (12.1)

-2.3

1

Social support from supervisors

56.2 (29.7)

62.1 (23.2)

5.9

-1

64.7 (22.6)

78.1 (16.8)

13.4

1

60.5 (21.3)

58.2 (20.2)

-2.4

1

Social community at work*

82.2 (8.7)

79.5 (11.5)

-2.7

-1

77.3 (14.2)

85.3 ( 8.4)

8.1

1

80.2 (12.0)

81.9 (10.1)

1.7

1

Horizontal trust*

32.0 (14.8)

43.0 (15.9)

11

0

29.9 (17.4)

26.1 (13.7)

-3.8

0

26.8 (14.2)

25.4 (14.2)

-1.4

0

Vertical trust

66.0 (17.0)

64.9 (18.0)

-1.0

-1

69.1 (12.6)

64.3 (21.3)

-4.8

0

56.3 (20.3)

63.5 (12.7)

7.3

0

Justice and respect

55.4 (15.6)

57.9 (17.4)

2.5

0

64.7 (14.1)

60.0 (18.4)

-4.7

1

51.6 (15.5)

63.5 (14.2)

12

1