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Table 5 Changes in the dimensions between occupations at baseline and follow-up by hospital

From: The patient safety culture as perceived by staff at two different emergency departments before and after introducing a flow-oriented working model with team triage and lean principles: a repeated cross-sectional study

Dimension Baseline Follow up
Physicians Registered nurses/assistant nurses P-value Physicians Registered nurses/assistant nurse P-value
Target group N 129 N 108   N 149 N 114  
County Hospital responses n 86 n 86   n 96 n 85  
  % %   % %  
1. Non-punitive response to error 33.3 30.3 NS 36.0 27.4 *
2. Staffing 28.3 25.2 NS 28.1 20.8 *
3. Frequency of event reporting 19.9 24.0 NS 22.8 24.5 NS
4. Hospital management support for patient safety 15.8 11.6 NS 20.2 11.6 **
5. Team-work across hospital units 29.9 32.8 NS 32.5 22.6 **
6. Hospital hand-off and transition 29.8 39.4 ** 33.3 32.5 NS
7. Information and support to patients at adverse events 43.7 45.8 NS 46.2 34.2 **
8. Information and support to staff at adverse events 32.4 42.6 NS 29.3 30.1 NS
9. Overall perception of safety 25.1 23.4 NS 32.5 21.3 ***
11. Organizational learning-continuous improvement 28.0 46.1 *** 37.3 34.5 NS
12. Teamwork within hospital 50.3 63.7 *** 65.3 61.0 NS
13. Communication openness 55.3 47.1 NS 56.8 59.1 NS
14. Feedback and communication about error 34.8 56.7 *** 42.4 58.3 **
15. Patient safety grade 73.3 50.1 ** 66.3 46.2 **
Target group N 55 N 125   N 54 N 125  
University Hospital responses n 25 n 93   n 37 n 112  
  % %   % %  
1. Non-punitive response to error 49.7 47.9 NS 43.2 42.9 NS
2. Staffing 62.9 49.2 ** 48.6 44.9 NS
3. Frequency of event reporting 23.0 28.6 NS 15.0 16.4 NS
4. Hospital management support for patient safety 42.0 35.3 NS 41.8 32.1 NS
5. Team-work across hospital units 29.8 36.1 NS 42.8 43.0 NS
6. Hospital hand-off and transition 44.9 47.4 NS 42.6 48.1 NS
7. Information and support to patients at adverse events 40.2 48.3 NS 33.3 32.6 NS
8. Information and support to staff at adverse events 32.5 26.7 NS 32.2 31.5 NS
9. Overall perception of safety 54.2 42.0 ** 49.3 39.0 *
11. Organizational learning-continuous Improvement 55.3 46.6 NS 61.1 50.0 *
12. Teamwork within hospital 79.6 69.6 NS 77.6 81.0 NS
13. Communication openness 76.4 63.0 ** 66.4 60.2 NS
14. Feedback and communication about error 54.0 47.5 NS 46.8 45.7 NS
15. Patient safety grade 91.7 90.9 NS 88.9 79.6 NS
  1. *** = p < 0.001, ** = p < 0.01, * = p < 0.05, NS = not significant. An index of < 50 is considered low and should lead to action, 51 - 69 suggests potential for improvement, and ≥ 70 indicates that the unit is functioning well.
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BMC Health Services Research

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