The patient safety culture as perceived by staff at two different emergency departments before and after introducing a flow-oriented working model with team triage and lean principles: a repeated cross-sectional study

Table 3 Changes in the dimensions between baseline and follow-up within each hospital

Dimension	County hospital				University hospital
	Baseline	Follow-up	Change	p-value	Baseline	Follow-up	Change	p-value
	%	%	а		%	%	а
All participants’ responses	n 172	n 181			n 118	n 149
1. Non-punitive response to error	31.8	31.9		NS	48.3	43.0		NS
2. Staffing	26.8	24.6		NS	52.1	45.9	-	*
3. Frequency of event reporting	21.9	23.6		NS	27.3	16.1		NS
4. Hospital management Support for patient safety	13.7	16.1		NS	36.9	34.7		NS
5. Team-work across hospital units	31.3	27.8		NS	34.7	43.0	+	***
6. Hospital Hand-off and transition	34.6	32.9		NS	46.8	46.6		NS
7. Information and support to patients at adverse events	44.8	40.1		NS	46.3	32.7	-	**
8. Information and support to staff at adverse events	37.6	29.7	-	*	28.2	31.7		NS
9. Overall perception of safety	24.3	27.1		NS	44.6	41.6		NS
11. Organizational learning-continuous improvement	37.4	35.9		NS	48.4	52.8		NS
12. Team-work within hospital	56.9	63.3	+	*	71.7	80.1	+	**
13. Communication openness	51.2	57.9	+	*	66.0	61.8		NS
14. Feedback and communication about error	45.8	50.1		NS	48.9	46.0		NS
15. Patient safety grade	62.0	56.7		NS	91.1	82.0	-	*

а Direction of the change from baseline measurement to follow-up.
*** = p < 0.001, ** = p < 0.01, * = p < 0.05, NS = not significant.
An index of < 50 is considered low and should lead to action, 51 - 69 suggests potential for improvement, and ≥ 70 indicates that the unit is functioning well.

ISSN: 1472-6963