Managed care | Protocolized care‡ | Usual care‡ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 215 | N = 197 | N =333 | ||||
Consultation of .. | % ≥1 visits | Mean (SD) # of visits | % ≥1 visits | Mean (SD) # of visits | % ≥1 visits | Mean (SD) # of visits |
General practitioner | 77.8 | 7.6 (8.6) | 80.0 | 5.7 (6.9) | 78.4 | 6.1 (6.9) |
Diabetes nurse | 74.5ab | 3.8 (3.8)b | 82.6 | 4.3 (3.5)a | 84.5 | 3.7 (2.8) |
Dietician | 38.4ab | 1.4 (2.4)ab | 20.5 | 0.9 (2.2) | 21.9 | 0.9 (2.4) |
Podiatrist | 19.4b | 0.7 (1.8)b | 9.2a | 0.4 (1.6)a | 24.3 | 1.2 (2.9) |
Physical therapist | 25.9 | 5.3 (13.8) | 30.3a | 7.3 (18.1)a | 21.0 | 3.9 (11.9) |
Specialist in | ||||||
- Internal medicine | 6.9ab | 0.4 (2.0)ab | 15.4a | 0.6 (1.7)a | 28.9 | 1.5 (2.8) |
- Ophthalmology | 17.6ab | 0.8 (2.5)ab | 47.7 | 1.5 (2.5) | 52.0 | 1.8 (2.6) |
- Cardiology | 15.7 | 0.6 (2.5) | 15.4 | 0.7 (1.9) | 15.2 | 0.7 (2.3) |
- Neurology | 5.1 | 0.2 (0.9) | 6.2 | 1.6 (0.7) | 6.4 | 0.6 (4.0) |
- Nephrology | 1.4 | 0.0 (0.4) | 3.6 | 0.2 (1.3) | 1.8 | 0.1 (0.4) |
Other specialism | 25.9 | 1.4 (3.1) | 27.7 | 1.4 (2.9) | 32.8 | 1.6 (4.0) |
Hospitalization | 9.7 | 0.7 (3.0) | 10.3 | 1.1 (4.7) | 12.5 | 2.7 (14.8) |
Absenteeism paid work | 8.8 | 4.9 (27.8) | 10.8 | 2.8 (14.1) | 10.0 | 3.1 (15.2) |
Absenteeism unpaid work | 13.9 | 12.3 (50.0) | 9.7 | 18.2 (127.4)a | 18.2 | 20.7 (70.6) |