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Table 1 Part A. Multivariate analysis of PAH incidence rates using different risk adjustment models (N = 2,022,019)

From: Comparing potentially avoidable hospitalization rates related to ambulatory care sensitive conditions in Switzerland: the need to refine the definition of health conditions and to adjust for population health status

  

Adjustment models

   

Age-sex

Inpatient morbidity

Outpatient morbidity

Whole morbidity

Number of medical visits

Variables

Number

(%)

IRR

IRR

IRR

IRR

95% CI

IRR

95% CI

Demographic

           

Men 0-10

96,229

(4.8)

2.53

2.54

2.80

2.82

2.52

3.16

5.28

4.70

5.93

Men 11-20

110,428

(5.5)

0.98ns

1.02ns

1.18

1.21

1.06

1.39

2.71

2.36

3.11

Men 21-30

125,720

(6.2)

0.98ns

1.00ns

1.18

1.19

1.04

1.36

2.48

2.17

2.84

Men 31-40

156,812

(7.8)

1.01ns

1.03ns

1.16

1.16

1.03

1.32

2.14

1.89

2.43

Men 41-50

164,037

(8.1)

1.30

1.29

1.39

1.37

1.22

1.53

2.08

1.85

2.33

Men 51-60

137,066

(6.8)

2.31

2.15

1.97

1.85

1.68

2.09

2.33

2.09

2.60

Men 61-70

101,636

(5.0)

4.08

3.48

2.66

2.42

2.17

2.69

2.60

2.34

2.89

Men 71-80

65,069

(3.2)

7.78

6.12

3.67

3.25

2.91

3.61

3.28

2.96

3.65

Men 81-90

32,187

(1.6)

12.95

9.80

5.26

4.67

4.16

5.24

4.55

4.08

5.08

Men 91-100

6,655

(0.3)

15.52

12.86

7.79

6.87

5.72

8.27

6.65

5.62

7.88

Women 0-10

92,082

(4.6)

2.03

2.00

2.34

2.32

2.06

2.61

5.05

4.47

5.70

Women 11-20

104,850

(5.2)

1.10ns

1.13ns

1.30

1.32

1.16

1.45

2.65

2.11

3.03

Women 21-30

123,566

(6.1)

1.26

1.27

1.32

1.34

1.18

1.52

1.44

1.27

1.63

Women 41-50

157,341

(7.8)

1.16

1.13

1.09ns

1.08

0.96

1.22

1.55

1.37

1.74

Women 51-60

134,850

(6.7)

1.68

1.59

1.35

1.19

1.16

1.45

1.87

1.67

2.09

Women 61-70

105,225

(5.2)

2.87

2.61

1.81

1.73

1.55

1.93

2.29

2.06

2.55

Women 71-80

81,157

(4.0)

5.01

4.28

2.36

2.24

2.00

2.50

2.74

2.47

3.05

Women 81-90

53,433

(2.6)

9.36

7.57

3.91

3.66

3.28

4.08

4.17

3.75

4.63

Women 91-100

15,375

(0.8)

9.39

8.08

4.86

4.54

3.93

5.26

5.12

4.45

5.88

ACSC related conditions

           

Bronchitis and asthma

17,302

(0.86)

 

3.05

3.65

3.07

2.88

3.27

2.12

2.01

2.23

Diabetes, complicated

2,627

(0.13)

 

1.61

-

1.19

0.99

1.42

1.03

.89

1.20

Diabetes, no complicated

14,714

(0.73)

 

1.14ns

1.89

1.75

1.62

1.90

1.33

1.24

1.42

Epilepsy

6,058

(0.30)

 

7.57

2.48

2.85

2.54

3.20

1.62

1.47

1.78

Female genital tract

20,589

(1.02)

 

1.50

1.41

1.24

1.13

1.36

0.70

0.65

0.77

Gastro-intestinal tract

34,765

(1.72)

 

2.33

1.41

1.37

1.30

1.46

1.06

1.01

1.11

Heart diseases

22,805

(1.13)

 

1.40

1.37

.99

.99

1.07

1.03

.97

1.09

HTA and other circulatory disorder

75,163

(3.72)

 

0.94ns

2.73

3.00

2.75

3.08

1.13

1.08

1.18

Infection, complicated

2,526

(0.12)

 

2.85

-

2.88

2.35

3.53

1.32

1.12

1.55

Infection, other

65,106

(3.22)

 

3.53

2.81

3.01

2.86

3.17

1.19

1.14

1.24

Infection, severe

1,699

(0.08)

 

3.47

-

3.85

3.14

4.71

1.91

1.63

2.24

Intestinal or urinary obstruction

3,640

(0.18)

 

0.97ns

-

.74

.60

.91

.52

.44

.63

Nutritional anemia

4,036

(0.20)

 

1.67

-

1.57

1.35

1.84

1.24

1.09

1.41

Severe lung disease

7,603

(0.38)

 

2.94

-

2.20

1.98

2.44

1.54

1.42

1.67

Urinary infection

4,347

(0.21)

 

1.57

-

1.87

1.48

2.38

1.07

.87

1.31

ACSC related multi-morbidity

2,281

(0.11)

 

17.07

15.13

29.39

25.33

34.10

5.12

4.55

5.76

Comorbidity categories

           

Cancer

7,944

(0.39)

 

0.83

0.94ns

.70

.62

.78

.61

.55

.68

CNS diseases

3,014

(0.15)

 

1.22

-

1.03

.88

1.21

1.00

.88

1.14

Endocrine diseases

8,408

(0.42)

 

1.13ns

0.97ns

1.02

.92

1.13

.98

.90

1.06

Liver & biliary tract

6,272

(0.31)

 

1.12ns

1.04ns

.94

.83

1.06

.87

.79

.96

Mental disorders

51,605

(2.55)

 

1.51

1.52

1.48

1.40

1.57

1.05

1.01

1.10

Metabolic disorders

19,825

(0.98)

 

1.33

1.26

1.08

1.00

1.16

1.04

.98

1.10

Nephritis

6,841

(0.34)

 

1.22

-

1.05

0.94

1.16

1.16

1.06

1.26

Other lung disease

5,478

(0.27)

 

1.28

.76ns

1.06

0.95

1.19

1.12

1.03

1.23

Pain & chronic restriction of mobility

27,280

(1.35)

 

0.91ns

1.22

.93

.87

.99

.80

.76

.85

Systemic rheumatic diseases and transplantation

1,388

(0.07)

 

1.16ns

1.90

1.29

1.05

1.58

1.23

1.04

1.45

Skin diseases

35,802

(1.77)

 

1.26

1.45

1.32

1.24

1.40

.99

.95

1.04

Thrombosis

39,704

(1.96)

 

0.81

1.36

1.32

1.24

1.39

1.08

1.04

1.45

Trauma

9,074

(0.45)

 

0.62

-

.53

.47

.60

.49

.45

.54

Physician self-dispensation

  

-

-

1.16

1.15

1.11

1.20

.92

.89

.95

2006 follow-up

1,686,481

(83.41)

2.02

2.16

1.74

1.80

1.64

1.97

.99

.90

1.08

Number of medical contacts

        

See Figure 1

      

Measures of model fit

AIC

  

179,024

172,473

162,835

159,196

130,962

BIC

  

179,299

173,112

163,361

159,847

131,776

Pseudo R2

  

5.2

8.7

14.1

15.8

30.8

  1. CI: confidence interval; IRR: incidence rate ratio; ns: not significant (p ≥ 0.05).