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Table 1 DEA input and output variables

From: Relative efficiency and productivity: a preliminary exploration of public hospitals in Beijing, China

Category

Variables

Definition

Inputs

Actual number of open beds

The number of available bed days divided by the number of days in a year

Number of employees

Registered employees at the end of year, excluding retirees and temporary staff

Fixed assets

Tangible assets having been used more than one year with values amounting to specific standards and with their original physical attributes not changed

Total expenditure

Capital consumption and loss in the process of service provision and other activities, including healthcare expenditure, drug and medicine expenditure, special financial expenditure, etc.

Outputs

Number of outpatient and emergency visits

The number of patients coming for outpatient and emergency diagnostic services

Number of discharged patients

The number of discharged patients after hospitalization for various reasons

Total revenue

Revenue gained from service provision and other activities, including healthcare revenue, drug and medicine sales, financial subsidies, health administrative department subsidies, etc.