Composites and survey items | Average % positive response* | Mean standard deviation |
---|---|---|
Overall perception of safety (Cronbach’s α = 0.214) | 65.3 | 3.43 (0.59) |
It is just by chance that more serious mistakes do not happen around here (R)** | 36.9 | 2.99 (1.16) |
Patient safety is never sacrificed to get more work done | 70.6 | 3.71 (1.07) |
We have patient safety problems in this unit (R) | 50.0 | 3.25 (1.15) |
Our policies and procedures and systems are effective in preventing errors | 75.3 | 3.76 (0.93) |
Supervisor/Manager expectations & actions promoting patient safety (Cronbach’s α = 0.436) | 60.6 | 3.46 (0.65) |
My supervisor/manager says a good word when he/she sees a job done according to established patient safety procedures | 71.8 | 3.69 (1.05) |
My supervisor/manager seriously considers staff suggestions for improving patient safety | 74.8 | 3.77 (0.97) |
Whenever pressure builds up, my supervisor/manager wants us to work faster, even if it means taking shortcuts (R) | 51.0 | 3.27 (1.09) |
My supervisor/manager overlooks patient safety problems that happen over and over (R) | 44.5 | 3.13 (1.18) |
Organizational learning and continuous improvement (Cronbach’s α = 0.704) | 79.6 | 3.89 (0.69) |
We are actively doing things to improve patient safety | 90.0 | 4.19 (0.82) |
Mistake have led to positive changes here | 69.5 | 3.63 (0.93) |
After we make changes to improve patient safety, we evaluate their effectiveness | 79.3 | 3.84 (0.87) |
Teamwork within units (Cronbach’s α = 0.814) | 78.5 | 3.85 (0.75) |
Staff support one another in this unit | 84.7 | 3.97 (0.88) |
When a lot of work needs to be done quickly, we work together as a team to get the work done | 81.6 | 3.93 (0.89) |
In this unit, people treat each other with respect | 80.7 | 3.92 (0.91) |
When members of this unit get really busy, other members of the same unit help out | 66.7 | 3.57 (1.08) |
Non-punitive response to error (Cronbach’s α = 0.643) | 26.8 | 2.68 (0.81) |
Staff feel like their mistakes are held against them (R) | 31.4 | 2.83 (1.09) |
When an event is reported, it feels like the person is being written up, not the problem (R) | 32.5 | 2.85 (1.09) |
Staff worry that mistakes they make are kept in their personnel file (R) | 16.5 | 2.37 (1.02) |
Staffing (Cronbach’s α = 0.238) | 35.1 | 2.84 (0.62) |
We have enough staff to handle the workload | 47.5 | 3.05 (1.20) |
Staff in this unit work longer hours than is best for patient care (R) | 19.3 | 2.41 (1.09) |
We use agency/temporary staff than is best for patient care (R) | 48.8 | 3.34 (1.11) |
When the work is in “crisis mode” we try to do too much, too quickly (R) | 24.8 | 2.58 (1.09) |
Hospital management support for patient safety (Cronbach’s α = 0.577) | 70.4 | 3.69 (0.76) |
Hospital management provides a work climate that promotes patient safety | 76.8 | 3.76 (0.96) |
The actions of hospital management show that patient safety is a top priority | 79.6 | 3.97 (0.96) |
Hospital management seems interested in patient safety only after an adverse event happens (R) | 54.6 | 3.32 (1.15) |
Teamwork across hospital units (Cronbach’s α = 0.643) | 61.6 | 3.36 (0.79) |
There is good cooperation among hospital units that need to work together | 65.5 | 3.58 (0.96) |
Hospital units work well together to provide the best care for patients | 77.1 | 3.90 (0.96) |
Hospital units do not coordinate well with each other and this might affect patient care (R) | 53.6 | 3.29 (1.12) |
It is often not easy to work with staff from other hospital units (R) | 50.1 | 3.30 (1.03) |
Hospital handoffs & transitions (Cronbach’s α = 0.770) | 51.5 | 3.52 (0.71) |
Things “fall between the cracks”, i.e., things might go uncontrolled and get lost (ex: medical records, medical treatment, patient information and education, discharge criteria) when transferring patients from one unit to another (R) | 43.5 | 3.20 (1.04) |
Important patient care information is often lost during shift changes (R) | 62.3 | 3.59 (1.02) |
Problems often occur in the exchange of information across hospital units (R) | 41.6 | 3.15 (0.99) |
Shift changes are problematic for patients in this hospital (R) | 58.5 | 3.51 (1.05) |
Communication openness (Cronbach’s α = 0.536) | 42.9 | 3.25 (0.85) |
Staff will freely speak up if they see something that may negatively affect patient care | 54.2 | 3.53 (1.16) |
Staff feel free to question the decisions or actions of those with more authority | 33.3 | 2.94 (1.23) |
Staff are afraid to ask questions when something does not feel right (R) | 41.1 | 3.30 (1.16) |
Feedback and communications about error (Cronbach’s α = 0.793) | 63.3 | 3.73 (0.95) |
We are given feedback about changes put into place based on event reports | 48.9 | 3.39 (1.13) |
We are informed about errors that happen in this unit | 68.9 | 3.85 (1.147) |
In this unit, we discuss ways to prevent errors from happening again | 72.0 | 3.94 (1.1) |
Frequency of events reported (Cronbach’s α = 0.892) | 59.4 | 3.63 (1.16) |
When a mistake is made, but is caught and corrected affecting the patient, how often is this reported? | 58.2 | 3.59 (1.29) |
When a mistake is made, but has no potential to harm the patient, how often is this reported? | 56.3 | 3.56 (1.27) |
When a mistake is made that could harm the patient, but does not, how often is this reported? | 63.7 | 3.74 (1.29) |